2010 10 August 2010 -A report of SEAC’s 17 June discussion about a risk assessment on Drayton farm, Warwickshire is available.
Spongiform Encephalopathy Advisory Committee
JOINT MEETING OF UK TSE COMMITTEES, 17th JUNE 2010. SUMMARY
Horizon scanning
The Committee Chairs identified the main issues they would be dealing with as follows:
ACDP TSE Working Group
• Infection control guidance is under constant review.
• Much progress has been made in making endoscopy safer through development of less invasive approaches and techniques to reduce risk of potential contamination, but more remains to be done.
• Work is beginning with surgeons on risk reduction in relation to other invasive procedures where instruments are difficult to decontaminate. Advisory Committee on Decontamination Science & Technology
• Quality assurance for decontamination procedures.
• Ways of keeping used surgical instruments wet/damp to maximise removal of protein.
• Introduction of anti-prion agents into validated decontamination cycles. Manufacturers need to know what is required and Trusts need to recognise vCJD transmission risks from conventionally decontaminated surgical instruments.
• Ways of minimising the number of discarded endoscopes and other instruments. Advisory Committee on the Safety of Blood Tissues and Organs
• Risk assessment and risk management of a wide spectrum of issues from blood to liver transplantation.
• Achieving a more consistent approach to consent for blood transfusion across the UK following the recent public consultation. Spongiform Encephalopathy Advisory Committee
• Obtaining more data on vCJD prevalence.
• Preventing new TSE epidemics.
• Ensuring that cost saving measures do not result in prevention of TSE transmission being compromised. CJD Incidents Panel
• Applying new prevalence data when available.
• Engagement of people who need to change practice on the ground.
• Coping with changes caused by cost pressures.
Conclusions
It was agreed that the presentations/discussions had achieved an interesting and useful day for participants. Whilst the purpose of the meeting was not necessarily to reach conclusions or provide advice for Government, there was consensus on the following:
• The TSE committees work well together.
• Advice should continue to be based on the available scientific evidence.
• Infection control and decontamination practice had improved widely as a result of the work on prevention of TSE
http://www.seac.gov.uk/summaries/tse-meeting-summary.pdf
10 August 2010 - A report of the 17th June 2010 Joint Meeting of the UK Committees (the Advisory Committee on Dangerous Pathogens TSE Working Group, the Advisory Committee on Decontamination Science and Technology, the Advisory Committee on the Safety of Blood Tissues and Organs, the CJD Incidents Panel and SEAC) that advise Government on TSEs is available.
2010
RESIDUAL TSE RISK AT DRAYTON FARM
Drayton farm (in Warwickshire) has been a site of research projects involving experimentally infected TSE animals. Due to the long incubation periods and on site farm bio-security, the animals were kept such that they had access to pasture for most of the year. Infected animals were allowed to graze on pasture and pasture contamination from infected grazing animals contributes to the potential TSE risk of infection for the farm.
The experiments at Drayton have now ended and Defra asked the Veterinary Laboratories Agency to perform a quantitative risk assessment on the residual risks associated with the land where infected animals grazed, or were subject to composted manure or the release of wastewater. This work is of wider interest than just Drayton farm as there are several farms in the UK where such experimentally infected animals were kept.
Defra and the Devolved Administrations asked the advice of SEAC on the risk assessment.
SEAC considered this on 17 June 2010 in London.
Further background material on this subject can be found at:
http://randd.defra.gov.uk/Default.aspx?Menu=Menu&Module=More&Location=None&ProjectID=16637&FromSearch=Y&Publisher=1&SearchText=SE0256&SortString=ProjectCode&SortOrder=Asc&Paging=10#Description
http://www.seac.gov.uk/papers/drayton-background.pdf
Spongiform Encephalopathy Advisory Committee
17 JUNE 2010.
Drayton Farm Risk Assessment
The Committee was presented with a Risk Assessment prepared by the Veterinary Laboratories Agency, which assesses the residual TSE risk at Drayton Farm due to the presence of experimental animals and field cases on the site, and the land spreading of composted manure and wastewater. SEAC last considered this issue at its 53rd Meeting on 21-22 September 1998.
Several Members commented that the methodology of the Risk Assessment was sound. However, concerns were raised that some of the specific input values to the risk assessment are problematic because of the large number of assumptions on which these are based.
A Member suggested that the outputs of the Risk Assessment needed to be checked against the available data to ascertain whether these were consistent. For example, there are data from Iceland and the Ripley flock which clearly show that there is a risk from re-introducing livestock onto land which has previously held a scrapie infected flock. This should have raised questions in the minds of the authors about why the model comes out with a very low risk.
Additionally, a Member suggested that more consideration should be given to whether the theoretical assumptions based on regulations, actually correlate with the real life activity on the farm.
A Member noted that the Risk Assessment adds little to SEAC’s previous advice on this issue provided in 1998, and the Chair stated that because there are no additional data available, it is difficult for SEAC to update its previous advice on this issue.
The Committee agreed that:
• The methodology of the Risk Assessment is sound; however:
• there are serious problems with the input assumption to the model, given the lack of data;
• The outputs of the model are therefore uncertain; and
• There is no need to revise SEAC’s advice of 21-22 September 1998. Extract from Minutes of SEAC 53, 21/22 September 1998.
Item 9 - Disposal of excreta from cattle experimentally infected with BSE (paper SEAC 53/6)
42. The Committee had previously considered options for disposal of waste from cattle exposed to BSE in January 1998. Members had before them paper SEAC 53/6 providing details of possible disposal options for excreta from two long term experiments which were starting at Drayton Experimental Husbandry Farm. Alternative measures to incineration had been examined due to the practical and cost problems of pursuing this option for such a long period. Further information about the farm and methods of disposal which would comply with Good Agricultural Practice were provided. The key change was the proposal to utilise crops from the farm and the Committee were asked to note the concerns of a neighbouring farmer with a watercourse on his property which ran through the experimental farm about possible run off.
43. The Committee noted that the animals were being held in brand new buildings and that there were arrangements for separation of solid and liquid waste. The housing arrangements and husbandry procedures would ensure rigorous separation of the different groups of animals. It was reported that the Committee’s views would be applied to disposal arrangements for excreta from the sheep experimentally exposed to BSE at the Institute for Animal Health.
44. The Committee confirmed their previous advice that the waste from challenged animals should be incinerated for the first 28 days (which represented an extended “safe” clearance time from cattle intestines) and that, thereafter, the excreta should be composted for one year. They agreed that there was no scientific basis why composted material should not be spread on land as fertiliser prior to planting crops which could then be used for human consumption or animal feed, although coppicing may present the most desirable option from the point of view of public perception. However, the Committee felt it would be prudent not to spread the material on pasture which would be grazed by cattle, and that the experimental animals which were part of the cattle bioassay experiment should not be given the food from the farm. This was in order to prevent any future challenge of a positive result that contaminated food may have been a route of exposure which might lead to a consequent claim that the tissue being assayed was not really positive.
http://www.seac.gov.uk/papers/drayton-report.pdf
Detection of protease-resistant cervid prion protein in water from a CWD-endemic area
T.A. Nichols,1,2 Bruce Pulford,1 A. Christy Wyckoff,1,2 Crystal Meyerett,1 Brady Michel,1 Kevin Gertig,3 Edward A. Hoover,1 Jean E. Jewell,4 Glenn C. Telling5 and Mark D. Zabel1,*
1Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins, CO USA; 2National Wildlife Research Center; Wildlife Services; United States Department of Agriculture; Fort Collins, CO USA; 3Fort Collins Utilities; Fort Collins; CO USA; 4Department of Veterinary Sciences; Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory; University of Wyoming; Laramie, WY USA; 5Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Molecular Genetics and Neurology; Sanders Brown Center on Aging; University of Kentucky; Lexington, KY USA Key words: prions, chronic wasting disease, water, environment, serial protein misfolding cyclic amplification Abbreviations: CWD, chronic wasting disease; sPMCA, serial protein misfolding cyclic amplification; PrPC, cellular prion protein; PrPSc, disease-related, misfolded murine PrP; PrPCWD, disease-related, misfolded cervid PrP; PrPRES, protease-resistant PrP; FCWTF, Fort Collins water treatment facility
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is the only known transmissible spongiform encephalopathy affecting free-ranging wildlife. Although the exact mode of natural transmission remains unknown, substantial evidence suggests that prions can persist in the environment, implicating components thereof as potential prion reservoirs and transmission vehicles.1-4 CWD-positive animals may contribute to environmental prion load via decomposing carcasses and biological materials including saliva, blood, urine and feces.5-7 Sensitivity limitations of conventional assays hamper evaluation of environmental prion loads in soil and water. Here we show the ability of serial protein misfolding cyclic amplification (sPMCA) to amplify a 1.3 x 10-7 dilution of CWD-infected brain homogenate spiked into water samples, equivalent to approximately 5 x 107 protease resistant cervid prion protein (PrPCWD) monomers. We also detected PrPCWD in one of two environmental water samples from a CWD endemic area collected at a time of increased water runoff from melting winter snow pack, as well as in water samples obtained concurrently from the flocculation stage of water processing by the municipal water treatment facility. Bioassays indicated that the PrPCWD detected was below infectious levels. These data demonstrate detection of very low levels of PrPCWD in the environment by sPMCA and suggest persistence and accumulation of prions in the environment that may promote CWD transmission.
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CWD has been endemic in the area for forty years, and it remains unclear how long prions can persist in the environment. If persistent for at least several years, CWD prions deposited into the environment from thousands of infected carcasses may accumulate on soil and vegetation such that it can be washed into surface water draining the basin during snowmelt or rainstorms. Symptomatic and asymptomatic positive animals can also contribute to environmental CWD load via biological materials such as saliva, blood, urine and feces.5-7,32,36,38 Deer and elk defecate approximately 900,000 kg of feces and urinate approximately 14 million liters of urine in the area immediately surrounding the Cache la Poudre river per year.39-42 Although urine and feces likely contain much lower prion loads than blood or saliva, the sheer amount of excreta may contribute significantly to overall environmental prion contamination. The data presented here demonstrate that sPMCA can detect low levels of PrPCWD in the environment, corroborate previous biological and experimental data suggesting long term persistence of prions in the environment2,3 and imply that PrPCWD accumulation over time may contribute to transmission of CWD in areas where it has been endemic for decades. This work demonstrates the utility of sPMCA to evaluate other environmental water sources for PrPCWD, including smaller bodies of water such as vernal pools and wallows, where large numbers of cervids congregate and into which prions from infected animals may be shed and concentrated to infectious levels.
see full text ;
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2802782/pdf/prion0303_0171.pdf
Wednesday, October 14, 2009
Detection of protease-resistant cervid prion protein in water from a CWD-endemic area
http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2009/10/detection-of-protease-resistant-cervid.html
Fifth threat The precise nature of prions remains elusive. Very recent data indicate that abnormal prion protein (PrPTSE) can be generated from the brains of normal animals, and under some conditions (including contaminated waste water) PrPTSE can be destroyed whereas the BSE infectious titre remains almost unchanged, a finding that underlines the possibility of having BSE without any detectable diagnostic marker. These are just two areas of our incomplete knowledge of the fundamental biology of prions which constitute a fifth threat to the European approach to prion diseases.
http://www.neuroprion.org/en/np-neuroprion.html
The L-type BSE prion is much more virulent in primates and in humanized mice than is the classical BSE prion, which suggests the possibility of zoonotic risk associated with the L-type BSE prion. These findings emphasize the critical importance of understanding tissue distribution of L-type BSE prions in cattle because, among the current administrative measures for BSE controls, the specified risk materials removal policy plays a crucial role in consumer protection.
In Japan, atypical BSE was detected in an aged Japanese Black cow (BSE/JP24) (8). We recently reported the successful transmission of BSE/JP24 prions to cattle and showed that the characteristics of these prions closely resemble those of L-type BSE prions found in Italy (9). In this study, we report the peripheral distribution of L-type BSE prions in experimentally challenged cattle.
http://www.cdc.gov/EID/content/16/7/1151.htm
Thursday, August 12, 2010
Seven main threats for the future linked to prions
http://prionpathy.blogspot.com/2010/08/seven-main-threats-for-future-linked-to.html
http://prionpathy.blogspot.com/
Terry S. Singeltary Sr. P.O. Box 42 Bacliff, Texas USA 77518 flounder9@verizon.net
Showing posts with label CJD. Show all posts
Showing posts with label CJD. Show all posts
Thursday, August 12, 2010
Saturday, October 24, 2009
SaBTO Advisory Committee on the Safety of Blood, Tissues and Organs 2nd Public Meeting 27 October 2009
SaBTO
Advisory Committee on the Safety of Blood, Tissues and Organs
2nd Public Meeting
“Blood Donation – Selection, Deferral and Exclusion”
27 October 2009
Royal Horticultural Halls, London SW1P
At their inaugural meeting in January 2008, members of SaBTO decided that a public meeting should be held every year, focusing on a particular issue within the committee’s remit. The 2009 Public Meeting will focus on the issue of donor selection. Selection of donors is key to the delivery of a safe blood supply. Many prospective donors may be turned down for a variety of reasons, including age, sexual history and medical concerns. As a scientific advisory committee, SaBTO is concerned that exclusion or deferral of prospective blood donors is done for justifiable reasons and in the best interests of blood recipients.
The format of the afternoon will include an introduction to SaBTO and donor selection, and an open forum with the opportunity for the audience to comment and ask questions.
The committee hopes that the audience will reflect a wide range of stakeholders and interest groups. Should the event be oversubscribed, there will be a limit of one delegate per organisation. If you are interested in attending. please e-mail SaBTO@dh.gsi.gov.uk or telephone 020 7972 4750 by 13 October 2009 (this deadline has been extended). Please note that this event is free of charge for all delegates.
The Advisory Committee on the Safety of Blood, Tissues, and Organs (SaBTO) is a Non-Departmental Public Body, with an independent Chair and members selected by the Appointments Commission for their specific areas of expertise. SaBTO provides independent advice to the UK Government and the Devolved Administrations on the most appropriate ways to ensure the safety of blood, cells, tissues, and organs for transfusion/transplantation. SaBTO also provides advice on the microbiological safety of gametes and stem cells, and considers both risk assessment and risk management options for Ministers and UK Health Departments to consider.
Further detailed information about SaBTO and its remit can be found at
http://www.dh.gov.uk/ab/SaBTO/index.htm
http://www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/@dh/@ab/documents/digitalasset/dh_104789.pdf
see other SaBTO meetings minutes here ;
2009 Download summary of seventh meeting, 14-15 July 2009 (PDF, 65K)
Download minutes of sixth meeting, 28 April 2009 (PDF, 104K)
Download summary of sixth meeting, 28 April 2009 (PDF, 64K)
Download minutes of fifth meeting, 20 January 2009 (PDF, 102K)
Download agenda for the fifth meeting, 20 January 2009 (PDF, 15K)
2008
snip...end
http://www.dh.gov.uk/ab/SaBTO/DH_089412
Tuesday, November 11, 2008 SaBTO Summary of 1st Public Meeting – variant CJD and blood Tuesday 21st October 2008, 2pm-4pm
http://vcjdblood.blogspot.com/2008/11/sabto-summary-of-1st-public-meeting.html
SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY ADVISORY COMMITTEE Minutes of the 99th meeting held on 14th December 2007
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ITEM 8 – PUBLIC QUESTION AND ANSWER SESSION 40.
The Chair explained that the purpose of the question and answer session was to give members of the public an opportunity to ask questions related to the work of SEAC. Mr Terry Singeltary (Texas, USA) had submitted a question prior to the meeting, asking: “With the Nor-98 now documented in five different states so far in the USA in 2007, and with the two atypical BSE H-base cases in Texas and Alabama, with both scrapie and chronic 14 © SEAC 2007 wasting disease (CWD) running rampant in the USA, is there any concern from SEAC with the rise of sporadic CJD in the USA from ''unknown phenotype'', and what concerns if any, in relations to blood donations, surgery, optical, and dental treatment, do you have with these unknown atypical phenotypes in both humans and animals in the USA? Does it concern SEAC, or is it of no concern to SEAC? Should it concern USA animal and human health officials?” 41.
A member considered that this question appeared to be primarily related to possible links between animal and human TSEs in the USA.
There is no evidence that sCJD is increasing in the USA and no evidence of any direct link between TSEs and CJD in the USA. Current evidence does not suggest that CWD is a significant risk to human health. There are unpublished data from a case of human TSE in the USA that are suggestive of an apparently novel form of prion disease with distinct molecular characteristics. However, it is unclear whether the case had been further characterised, if it could be linked to animal TSEs or if other similar cases had been found in the USA or elsewhere. In relation to the possible public health implications of atypical scrapie, H-type BSE and CWD, research was being conducted to investigate possible links and surveillance was in place to detect any changes in human TSEs. Although possible links between these diseases and human TSEs are of concern and require research, there is no evidence to suggest immediate public health action is warranted. The possible human health risks from classical scrapie had been discussed earlier in the meeting. Members noted that there are effective channels of discussion and collaboration on research between USA and European groups. Members agreed it is important to keep a watching brief on new developments on TSEs.
snip...
http://www.seac.gov.uk/minutes/99.pdf
http://seac992007.blogspot.com/2008/07/seac-draft-minutes-of-100th-meeting.html
http://seac992007.blogspot.com/
>>>There is no evidence that sCJD is increasing in the USA and no evidence of any direct link between TSEs and CJD in the USA.<<<
10 people killed by new CJD-like disease
Public release date: 9-Jul-2008 [ Print Article E-mail Article Close Window ]
Contact: Claire Bowles mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000076/!x-usc:mailto:claire.bowles@rbi.co.uk 44-207-611-1210 New Scientist
10 people killed by new CJD-like disease A NEW form of fatal dementia has been discovered in 16 Americans, 10 of whom have already died of the condition. It resembles Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease - with patients gradually losing their ability to think, speak and move - but has features that make it distinct from known forms of CJD.
No one yet knows how the disease originates, or under what conditions it might spread. Nor is it clear how many people have the condition. "I believe the disease has been around for many years, unnoticed," says Pierluigi Gambetti, director of the US National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio. Cases may previously have been mistaken for other forms of dementia.
Since Gambetti's team wrote a paper describing an initial 11 cases referred to his centre between 2002 and 2006 (Annals of Neurology, vol 63, p 697), another five have come to light. "So it is possible that it could be just the tip of the iceberg," Gambetti says.
snip... see full text ;
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-07/ns-tpk070908.php
Thursday, July 10, 2008
A Novel Human Disease with Abnormal Prion Protein Sensitive to Protease update July 10, 2008
http://cjdmadcowbaseoct2007.blogspot.com/2008/07/novel-human-disease-with-abnormal-prion.html
Thursday, July 10, 2008
A New Prionopathy update July 10, 2008
http://cjdmadcowbaseoct2007.blogspot.com/2008/07/new-prionopathy-update-july-10-2008.html
Communicated by: Terry S. Singeltary Sr. <:flounder9@verizon.net>
[In submitting these data, Terry S. Singeltary Sr. draws attention to the steady increase in the "type unknown" category, which, according to their definition, comprises cases in which vCJD could be excluded. The total of 26 cases for the current year (2007) is disturbing, possibly symptomatic of the circulation of novel agents. Characterization of these agents should be given a high priority. - Mod.CP]
http://pro-med.blogspot.com/2007/11/proahedr-prion-disease-update-2007-07.html
http://www.promedmail.org/pls/askus/f?p=2400:1001:6833194127530602005::NO::F2400_P1001_BACK_PAGE,F2400_P1001_PUB_MAIL_ID:1010,39963
There is a growing number of human CJD cases, and they were presented last week in San Francisco by Luigi Gambatti(?) from his CJD surveillance collection.
He estimates that it may be up to 14 or 15 persons which display selectively SPRPSC and practically no detected RPRPSC proteins.
http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/06/transcripts/1006-4240t1.htm
http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/06/transcripts/2006-4240t1.pdf
2008
The statistical incidence of CJD cases in the United States has been revised to reflect that there is one case per 9000 in adults age 55 and older. Eighty-five percent of the cases are sporadic, meaning there is no known cause at present.
http://www.cjdfoundation.org/fact.html
Friday, October 23, 2009
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Surveillance Texas Data for Reporting Years 2000-2008
http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/2009/10/creutzfeldt-jakob-disease-surveillance.html
O.2.2
vCJD infection in an asymptomatic UK haemophilic patient
Alexander Peden1, Graham Fairfoul1, Suzanne Lowrie1, Linda McCardle1, Mark Head1, Seth Love2, Hester Ward1, Simon Cousens3, David Keeling4, Carolyn Millar5, FGH Hill6, James Ironside1 1University of Edinburgh, UK; 2Frenchay Hospital, Bristol, UK; 3London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; 4Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK; 5Imperial College London, UK; 6Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Birmingham, UK
We describe a study of 17 UK patients with haemophilia considered to be at increased risk of vCJD through exposure to UK plasma products. 10 autopsy cases and 7 biopsy cases were analysed for disease- associated, protease-resistant prion protein (PrPres). The tissues available from each case were variable, ranging from a single biopsy sample to a wide range of autopsy tissues. A single specimen from the spleen of one autopsy case gave a strong positive result on repeated testing for PrPres by Western blot analysis. This tissue came from a 73 year-old male with no history of neurological disease, who was heterozygous (methionine/valine) at codon 129 in the prion protein gene. He had received over 9,000 units of Factor VIII concentrate prepared from plasma pools known to include donations from a vCJD-infected donor, and some 400,000 units not known to include donations from vCJD-infected donors. He had also received 14 units of red blood cells and had undergone several surgical and invasive endoscopic procedures. Estimates of the relative risks of exposure though diet, surgery, endoscopy, blood transfusion and receipt of UK plasma products suggest that by far the most likely route of infection was receipt of UK plasma products.
O.2.3
Detection of prion particles in body fluids of humans and animals
Detlev Riesner Institut fur Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine- Universitat Dusseldorf, Germany
A major structural difference between the cellular isoform of the prion protein PrPC and the pathogenic isoform PrPSc is the much higher state of molecular aggregation of PrPSc. PK-resistance as normally used for PrPSc-characterization is not reliably valid for all species, strains and sources of prions. The method of suface-FIDA (fluorescence-intensity distribution analysis) was developed avoiding PK-digestion and detecting specifically disease related PrP-aggregates (Birkmann et al 2007, J. Vet. Microbiol 123, 294-304). After partial purification PrP-aggregates are bound to a chip covered with the captureantibody SAF32, labeled with two types of antibodies against two different epitopes and carrying two different fluorescent dyes. A dual-color laser beam is scanning the chip surface, and the fluorescence signals are evaluated in respect to local coincidence, intensities and particle size. The method was applied to brain homogenate of sCJD-victims (post mortem), to CSF-samples of BSE-afflicted cattle (ante mortem) and blood plasma of scrapie sheep (ante mortem). Particles of PrP-aggregates could be detected in all samples, exhibiting a diameter range of 300 nm (optical resolution) to 1ƒÊm. PrP-aggregates were detected with 100% sensitivity in the sCJD-brain homogenate samples; studies on CSF are ongoing. PrP-aggregates were detected in CSF of BSE-cattle, but the number of samples was too little to evaluate the sensitivity. Only one antibody was available to detect scrapie-PrP-aggregates from blood plasma; the sensitivity of 60% will be improved in the ongoing experiments with a second antibody. PrP-aggregates can be used as seeds for fibril formation with recombinant PrP as template (Stohr et al., 2008, PNAS 105, 2409-14). This system will be used as amplification of the particle detection method.
O.2.4
Detection of prions in blood leucocytes
Linda A. Terry, Laurence Howells, Jeremy Hawthorn, Sally Everest, Sarah Jo Moore, Jane C. Edwards Veterinary Laboratories Agency, UK
Background: Infected human blood has been implicated in the iatrogenic transmission of vCJD in four reported cases. Experimental transmission studies have demonstrated that blood from scrapie and BSE infected sheep also contains infectivity. Rodent models of prion disease implicated both cellular and plasma fractions. However, direct detection of PrPsc from blood in the absence of in vitro amplification or bioassay has proved difficult. Methods for the direct detection of PrPsc in blood would be advantageous for the study of the pathogenesis of TSEs and as a basis for a blood test. Objectives: To develop a method for the direct detection of PrPsc in blood cells from scrapie and BSE infected sheep; to study the temporal distribution of PrPsc in blood and to determine the identity of the cells bearing prions in blood. Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from sheep naturally infected with scrapie or experimentally infected with BSE at the clinical stage of disease and from scrapie infected sheep from 3 months of age through to clinical end-point. PBMCs were tested for PrPsc content by a direct immunoassay based on the IDEXX CWD HerdChek kit. Different subsets of PBMCs were isolated by subset specific cell surface markers and magnetic bead separation and analysed for PrPsc content. Results: PrPSc was detected in 54% of sheep with clinical scrapie and 71% of sheep with clinical BSE. A longitudinal study of the temporal distribution of blood PBMC associated PrPsc showed that the detection rate increases during the course of disease and is more likely to be observed during the second half of the incubation period. Additionally detection is more likely in scrapie infected sheep if they carry the PRNP genotype of VRQ/VRQ. Cell separation studies showed that the PrPsc is associated with a specific cell subset implicating a subset of B lymphocytes. Discussion. This is the first report of the direct detection of PrPsc in cells isolated from sheep blood in the absence of in vitro amplification or bioassay. Since PrPsc can be detected from as early as 3 months of age in sheep naturally infected with scrapie, correlating with initial replication in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue, the assay could be the basis of a preclinical test. The identification of the cell subset carrying PrPsc progresses our understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease. However, it remains unclear whether this cell subset is responsible for the dissemination of prions or in clearance of circulating PrPsc. Funded by defra, UK and IDEXX.
O.2.6
Human urine and PrP
Silvio Notari1*, Liuting Qing1*, Ayuna Dagdanova1*, Sergei Ilchenko1, Mark E. Obrenovich1, Wen-Quan Zou1, Maurizio Pocchiari2, Pierluigi Gambetti1, Qingzhong Kong1, Shu G. Chen1 1Case Western Reserve University, USA; 2Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Italy
Background: The presence and the characteristics of prion protein (PrP) in human urine under normal conditions are controversial. Similarly, there are no definite data on the presence of infectivity in urine in the course of naturally occurring human prion diseases. Objectives: 1) To definitely determine the presence and characteristics of PrPC in normal urine. 2) To evaluate the prion infectivity in human urine in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD), we have carried out a set of bioassays in humanized transgenic mouse with urine samples collected from sCJD subjects. Methods: 1) Advanced mass spectrometry and experimental treatments have been used to demonstrate the presence, primary structure and posttranslational modifications of purified urinary PrPC (uPrP). 2) Bioassays were performed by intracerebral inoculation of 100 times concentrated and dialyzed urine, collected from three sCJD-MM1 cases to humanized transgenic mice and from appropriate controls. Results: We found that human urine contains significant amount of PrP (approximately 10 ng/ml) that is truncated with the major N-terminus at residue 112 as the PrPC fragment identified as C1, and it carries an anchor, which is soluble because likely lacks the phosholipid component. None of the humanized transgenic mice inoculated with sCJD concentrated urine had evidence of prion disease during a period of over 700 days (their normal life expectancy) leading to the conclusion that prion infectivity in sCJD urine, if present, must be less than 6 infectious units/100ml. Discussion: The issues raised in the discussion will include: 1) The origin of the truncated uPrP; 2) How the present data compare with the experimental studies published to date that indicate presence of infectivity; 3) The practical implications of our findings. *
These authors contributed equally
O.4.6
All separated components, prepared from BSE-infected sheep blood, are infectious upon transfusion
Sandra McCutcheon1, Anthony Richard Alejo Blanco1, Christopher de Wolf1, Boon Chin Tan1, Nora Hunter1, Valerie Hornsey2, Christopher Prowse2, Marc Turner2, Martin H Groschup3, Dietmar Becher4, Fiona Houston5, Jean C Manson1 1The Roslin Institute and R (D) SVS, University of Edinburgh, UK; 2Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, UK; 3FLIFederal Research Institute for Animal Health, Germany; 4Micromun, Germany; 5University of Glasgow, UK
Background: The possibility that vCJD may be transmitted by blood transfusion is serious public health issue, of which 4 probable (3 clinical) cases have been attributed. Recently a case of asymptomatic vCJD infection was identified in a haemophiliac; following treatment with clotting factors from UK plasma pools. Sheep orally infected with BSE provide a suitable model, to assess vCJD infection in humans & risk reduction methods, as the distribution of PrPSc & infectivity in lymphoid tissues resembles that of vCJD patients.
Objectives: To determine qualitative and quantitative data on the changes in infectivity in blood and its clinically relevant components with time, to assess the effect of leucodepletion of such products and the potential for secondary transmission by blood transfusion.
Methods: We orally infected sheep with bovine BSE brain homogenate and collected two full-sized donations of whole blood, before the onset of clinical signs. The following components were transfused into naive recipients: whole blood, buffy coat and leucoreduced and non leucoreduced plasma, platelets and red cells. A sub sample of all components was inoculated into TgShpXI mice for determination of infectivity titers. A unit of whole blood from selected primary recipients was transfused into secondary recipients. We are creating a blood archive throughout this study.
Results: 33% of the infected donors have been confirmed as having BSE. We have 4 transmissions of BSE-infectivity following the transfusion of whole blood, buffy coat and plasma. Short incubation times were recorded in these recipients (468, 513, 567 and 594 days) & were similar to those seen in their respective donors (534, 628, 614 and 614 days). The donor of buffy coat also donated both leucodepleted and non leucodepleted blood components to other recipients.
Discussion: Our study will provide invaluable data on the safety of blood products, in relation to TSE infection, used in human medicine (DoH 007/0162)
O.8.1
Variant CJD and plasma products
Robert G. Will National CJD Surveillance Unit, Edinburgh, UK
Evidence from the Transfusion Medicine Epidemiology Review (TMER) project indicates that variant CJD is transmissible through transfusion of labile blood components. The question as to whether plasma products sourced from vCJD contaminated plasma pools has been addressed by a number of risk assessments, with conflicting conclusions. Recently a case of possible vCJD infection in an individual with haemophilia has been described and analysis has suggested that infection may have been related to prior treatment with vCJD implicated Factor VIII. The details of this case will be described together with an analysis of plasma product exposures in UK clinical cases of vCJD.
O.8.2
Blood safety: from screening tests to prion removal
Marc Turner Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service and Department of Haematology, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK
Although the number of clinical cases of variant CJD continues to fall, concern remains within UK and Western European Blood Services in relation to the risk of transmission of variant CJD due to the estimated prevalence of sub-clinical infection in the general population and the clinical cases of transmission of variant CJD prions by blood components and plasma products. The UK Advisory Committee on the Safety of Blood, Tissues and Organs (SaBTO) has considered a number of further precautionary measures including reducing exposure to blood transfusion, importation of blood components, implementation of prion assays and prion reduction for red cell concentrates. The latter two technologies are currently under independent evaluation and it is expected that contingent on the outcome of these an initial decision on whether or not to recommend implementation of these technologies will be made by SaBTO in Autumn 2009.
O.9.3
Updated risk assessment of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) risks for recipients of plasma-derived blood clotting products in the U.S.
Hong Yang, Richard Forshee, Mark Walderhaug, Steven Anderson US Food and Drug Administration, USA
Background: A recent announcement by UK health authorities of a case of vCJD infection in a >70 year old person with hemophilia has prompted the US Food & Drug Administration (FDA) to re-evaluate vCJD risks in the U.S. via plasma-derived Factor VIII (pdFVIII) and to update its 2006 risk assessment. As of May 2009, confirmed vCJD deaths have occurred in persons who are homozygous methionine (MM) at codon 129 of the PRP gene. Several reports in the last few years have indicated signs of vCJD infection in persons of methionine-valine (MV) and homozygous valine (VV) genotypes. FDA updated risk assessment by assuming all genotypes are susceptible to vCJD and modeling the incubation periods for all three genotypes.
Objectives: To evaluate the vCJD risk for pdFVIII recipients with severe hemophilia and vonWillebrand diseases.
Methods: The model assumed equal susceptibility of three genotypes, a median incubation period of 12 years for the MM and 32 years for MV and VV genotypes, and vCJD infectivity was present in the blood of infected donors during the last 50% to 90% of incubation period. Model used statistical distributions for inputs including susceptibility to the disease, donation rates, frequency and duration of travel to the UK, France and other countries in Europe since 1980, the effectiveness of donor deferral policies and infectivity clearance during manufacturing processes.
Results: For severe hemophilia patients at the highest risk (prophylaxis, with inhibitor, with immune tolerance) the model estimated annual mean exposure to be ~7 x 10-8 iv ID50 or ~1 in 270,000 with the lower prevalence (4 per million) assumption, and ~1 x 10-4 iv ID50 or ~1 in 12,000 with the higher prevalence (1 per 4,225) assumption. Donor deferral policies reduce the risk by >92%.
Discussion: Due to limited data and knowledge of vCJD, the model estimates are uncertain. However, it suggests the risk is small, and donor deferral and manufacturing processes greatly reduce the risk.
P.10.7
Serial passage of sCJD in humanised transgenic mice indicates two major transmission strains associated with PrPSc of either type 1 or 2
Matthew Bishop, Robert Will, Enrico Cancellotti, Jean Manson University of Edinburgh, UK
Background: Questions remain about the aetiology of sporadic CJD and whether phenotypic variation is solely controlled by factors such as codon 129 genotype and biochemistry of PrPC. Variation in infective strain has not been clearly demonstrated in sCJD.
Objectives: By serial passage of sCJD in transgenic mice expressing human prion protein with MM, MV, and VV codon 129 genotypes we aimed to understand strain transmission characteristics for the three most commonly observed phenotypes of sCJD.
Methods: We performed intracerebral inoculation of humanised transgenic mice with brain homogenates derived from similar mice previously inoculated with frontal cortex from sCJD patients of subgroups MM1, MV2, and VV2. These mice were assessed for clinical TSE signs, for TSE vacuolation, and deposition of PrPSc.
Results: sCJD(MM1) passage via all mice showed transmission profiles similar to primary inoculation. sCJD(MV2) passage via HuMM and HuVV mice showed a transmission profile similar to primary inoculation. Passage via a HuMV mouse showed transmission properties similar to not only the primary inoculum but also sCJD(MM1). sCJD(VV2) passage via HuMV and HuVV mice showed transmission profiles similar to the primary inoculation. Passage via a HuMM mouse showed transmission properties similar to not only the sCJD(VV2) primary inoculum but also sCJD(MM1). Cluster analysis of the lesion profile data showed that three clusters seen after primary inoculation were reduced to two following second passage, identified by the biochemical type of PrPSc (1 or 2) found in the host mice.
Discussion: Serial passage of sCJD subgroups MM1, MV2, and VV2 shows that PrPSc type and mouse codon 129 genotype determine the secondary transmission profile, independently of the originating inoculum strain. There are associations between type 1 PrPSc and C129-Met, and type 2 PrPSc and C129-Val. This should allow us to investigate further the relationship between PrPSc, genotype, infection, and pathology.
P.5.1
Detection of cellular prion protein (PrPc) in plasma from healthy cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) and changes observed after BSE infection
Barbara Yutzy, Edgar Holznagel, Johannes Löwer Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Germany
Background: Orally BSE-dosed cynomolgus monkeys represent a valuable model to examine the kinetic of blood infectivity and to assess the risk of blood-borne transmission of variant Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (vCJD).
Methods: Blood samples were collected monthly from BSE-infected (n = 18) and non-infected female cynomolgus monkeys (n = 8) over a period of up to 9 years. PrPc concentrations were retrospectively analyzed in plasma samples by a dot blot assay and by a sandwich ELISA using a highly sensitive dissociation- enhanced lanthanide fluoro-immunoassay (DELFIA) for detection. Different blood preparation protocols were evaluated to obtain plasma.
Objective: To detect changes in the levels of soluble plasmaderived PrPc. Results: Different blood preparation protocols had a significant effect on the measured plasma PrPc concentrations. In non-infected macaques, concentrations of soluble, plasmaderived PrPc were at least 10-fold lower compared to plasma concentrations in healthy humans. Levels of plasma PrPc increased 6 – 12 months after experimental BSE infection, remained high during the asymptomatic phase, and dropped towards the clinical phase. Soluble, plasma-derived PrPc molecules were PK-sensitive in BSE-infected macaques.
Discussion: There is a species-specific difference in the PrPc concentrations between human and macaque. At least a part of the plasma-derived PrPc fraction originates from blood cells. Andfinally, BSE infection caused an increase in plasma PrPc levels during the asymptomatic phase of infection. Blood transfusion studies have been initiated to examine whether these PK-sensitive PrP molecules carry infectivity.
http://www.prion2009.com/sites/default/files/Prion2009_Book_of_Abstracts.pdf
Monday, October 19, 2009
Atypical BSE, BSE, and other human and animal TSE in North America Update October 19, 2009
http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2009/10/atypical-bse-bse-and-other-human-and.html
2009 UPDATE ON ALABAMA AND TEXAS MAD COWS 2005 and 2006
http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2006/08/bse-atypical-texas-and-alabama-update.html
Tuesday, August 11, 2009
Characteristics of Established and Proposed Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Variants
http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2009/08/characteristics-of-established-and.html
Saturday, June 13, 2009
Monitoring the occurrence of emerging forms of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the United States 2003 revisited 2009
http://cjdusa.blogspot.com/2009/06/monitoring-occurrence-of-emerging-forms.html
Friday, October 23, 2009
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Surveillance Texas Data for Reporting Years 2000-2008
http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/2009/10/creutzfeldt-jakob-disease-surveillance.html
Sunday, May 17, 2009
WHO WILL WATCH THE CHILDREN ? SCHOOL LUNCH PROGRAM FROM DOWNER CATTLE UPDATE
http://downercattle.blogspot.com/2009/05/who-will-watch-children.html
http://downercattle.blogspot.com/
Sunday, September 6, 2009
MAD COW USA 1997 SECRET VIDEO
http://madcowusda.blogspot.com/2009/09/mad-cow-usa-1997-video.html
U.S.A. HIDING MAD COW DISEASE VICTIMS AS SPORADIC CJD ? see video at bottom
http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2009/07/usa-hiding-mad-cow-disease-victims-as.html
DAMNING TESTIMONY FROM STANLEY PRUSINER THE NOBEL PEACE PRIZE WINNER ON PRIONS SPEAKING ABOUT ANN VENEMAN see video
http://maddeer.org/video/embedded/prusinerclip.html
Saturday, August 22, 2009
FREE Kim Min-sun, she is correct about mad cow fears from USDA BEEF
http://usdavskorea.blogspot.com/2009/08/free-kim-min-sun-she-is-correct-about.html
Office of Inspector General Semiannual Report to Congress FY 2007 - 2nd Half
Two Texas Companies Sentenced and Fined for Misbranding Meat Products In April 2007, two closely held and related Texas companies pled guilty in Federal court and were sentenced to 12 months of probation and ordered to pay $10,250 in fines for misbranding meat products. One of the companies sold adulterated meat products to a retail store in New Mexico. Additionally, portions of the invoices failed to properly and consistently identify the meat products as being from cattle more than 30 months old at time of slaughter. This information is required to be disclosed because of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE, or "mad cow disease") concerns. No adulterated meat reached consumers.
http://www.usda.gov/oig/webdocs/sarc071212.pdf
Saturday, August 29, 2009
FOIA REQUEST FEED RECALL 2009 Product may have contained prohibited materials Bulk Whole Barley, Recall # V-256-2009
http://madcowfeed.blogspot.com/2009/08/foia-request-feed-recall-2009-product.html
Friday, September 4, 2009
FOIA REQUEST ON FEED RECALL PRODUCT 429,128 lbs. feed for ruminant animals may have been contaminated with prohibited material Recall # V-258-2009
http://madcowfeed.blogspot.com/2009/09/foia-request-on-feed-recall-product.html
THIS recall is not confusing ;
10,000,000+ LBS. of PROHIBITED BANNED MAD COW FEED I.E. BLOOD LACED MBM IN COMMERCE USA 2007
Date: March 21, 2007 at 2:27 pm PST
RECALLS AND FIELD CORRECTIONS: VETERINARY MEDICINES -- CLASS II
___________________________________
PRODUCT
Bulk cattle feed made with recalled Darling's 85% Blood Meal, Flash Dried, Recall # V-024-2007
CODE
Cattle feed delivered between 01/12/2007 and 01/26/2007
RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER
Pfeiffer, Arno, Inc, Greenbush, WI. by conversation on February 5, 2007.
Firm initiated recall is ongoing.
REASON
Blood meal used to make cattle feed was recalled because it was cross- contaminated with prohibited bovine meat and bone meal that had been manufactured on common equipment and labeling did not bear cautionary BSE statement.
VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE
42,090 lbs.
DISTRIBUTION
WI
___________________________________
PRODUCT
Custom dairy premix products: MNM ALL PURPOSE Pellet, HILLSIDE/CDL Prot- Buffer Meal, LEE, M.-CLOSE UP PX Pellet, HIGH DESERT/ GHC LACT Meal, TATARKA, M CUST PROT Meal, SUNRIDGE/CDL PROTEIN Blend, LOURENZO, K PVM DAIRY Meal, DOUBLE B DAIRY/GHC LAC Mineral, WEST PIONT/GHC CLOSEUP Mineral, WEST POINT/GHC LACT Meal, JENKS, J/COMPASS PROTEIN Meal, COPPINI - 8# SPECIAL DAIRY Mix, GULICK, L-LACT Meal (Bulk), TRIPLE J - PROTEIN/LACTATION, ROCK CREEK/GHC MILK Mineral, BETTENCOURT/GHC S.SIDE MK-MN, BETTENCOURT #1/GHC MILK MINR, V&C DAIRY/GHC LACT Meal, VEENSTRA, F/GHC LACT Meal, SMUTNY, A- BYPASS ML W/SMARTA, Recall # V-025-2007
CODE
The firm does not utilize a code - only shipping documentation with commodity and weights identified.
RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER
Rangen, Inc, Buhl, ID, by letters on February 13 and 14, 2007. Firm initiated recall is complete.
REASON
Products manufactured from bulk feed containing blood meal that was cross contaminated with prohibited meat and bone meal and the labeling did not bear cautionary BSE statement.
VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE
9,997,976 lbs.
DISTRIBUTION
ID and NV
END OF ENFORCEMENT REPORT FOR MARCH 21, 2007
http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/enforce/2007/ENF00996.html
NEW URL
http://www.fda.gov/Safety/Recalls/EnforcementReports/2007/ucm120446.htm
Thursday, March 19, 2009
MILLIONS AND MILLIONS OF POUNDS OF MAD COW FEED IN COMMERCE USA WITH ONGOING 12 YEARS OF DENIAL
http://madcowfeed.blogspot.com/2009/03/millions-and-millions-of-pounds-of-mad.html
Sunday, October 18, 2009
Wisconsin Firm Recalls Beef Tongues That Contain Prohibited Materials SRM WASHINGTON, October 17, 2009
http://madcowfeed.blogspot.com/2009/10/wisconsin-firm-recalls-beef-tongues.html
Thursday, October 15, 2009
Nebraska Firm Recalls Beef Tongues That Contain Prohibited Materials SRM WASHINGTON, Oct 15, 2009
http://madcowfeed.blogspot.com/2009/10/nebraska-firm-recalls-beef-tongues-that.html
Tuesday, July 14, 2009
U.S. Emergency Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Response Plan Summary and BSE Red Book Date: February 14, 2000 at 8:56 am PST
WHERE did we go wrong $$$
http://madcowtesting.blogspot.com/2009/07/us-emergency-bovine-spongiform.html
Sunday, December 28, 2008
MAD COW DISEASE USA DECEMBER 28, 2008 an 8 year review of a failed and flawed policy
http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2008/12/mad-cow-disease-usa-december-28-2008-8.html
Wednesday, August 20, 2008
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Mad Cow Disease typical and atypical strains, was there a cover-up ? August 20, 2008
http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2008/08/bovine-spongiform-encephalopathy-mad.html
Monday, May 11, 2009
Rare BSE mutation raises concerns over risks to public health
http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2009/05/rare-bse-mutation-raises-concerns-over.html
Terry S. Singeltary Sr. P.O. Box 42 Bacliff, Texas USA 77518
Advisory Committee on the Safety of Blood, Tissues and Organs
2nd Public Meeting
“Blood Donation – Selection, Deferral and Exclusion”
27 October 2009
Royal Horticultural Halls, London SW1P
At their inaugural meeting in January 2008, members of SaBTO decided that a public meeting should be held every year, focusing on a particular issue within the committee’s remit. The 2009 Public Meeting will focus on the issue of donor selection. Selection of donors is key to the delivery of a safe blood supply. Many prospective donors may be turned down for a variety of reasons, including age, sexual history and medical concerns. As a scientific advisory committee, SaBTO is concerned that exclusion or deferral of prospective blood donors is done for justifiable reasons and in the best interests of blood recipients.
The format of the afternoon will include an introduction to SaBTO and donor selection, and an open forum with the opportunity for the audience to comment and ask questions.
The committee hopes that the audience will reflect a wide range of stakeholders and interest groups. Should the event be oversubscribed, there will be a limit of one delegate per organisation. If you are interested in attending. please e-mail SaBTO@dh.gsi.gov.uk or telephone 020 7972 4750 by 13 October 2009 (this deadline has been extended). Please note that this event is free of charge for all delegates.
The Advisory Committee on the Safety of Blood, Tissues, and Organs (SaBTO) is a Non-Departmental Public Body, with an independent Chair and members selected by the Appointments Commission for their specific areas of expertise. SaBTO provides independent advice to the UK Government and the Devolved Administrations on the most appropriate ways to ensure the safety of blood, cells, tissues, and organs for transfusion/transplantation. SaBTO also provides advice on the microbiological safety of gametes and stem cells, and considers both risk assessment and risk management options for Ministers and UK Health Departments to consider.
Further detailed information about SaBTO and its remit can be found at
http://www.dh.gov.uk/ab/SaBTO/index.htm
http://www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/@dh/@ab/documents/digitalasset/dh_104789.pdf
see other SaBTO meetings minutes here ;
2009 Download summary of seventh meeting, 14-15 July 2009 (PDF, 65K)
Download minutes of sixth meeting, 28 April 2009 (PDF, 104K)
Download summary of sixth meeting, 28 April 2009 (PDF, 64K)
Download minutes of fifth meeting, 20 January 2009 (PDF, 102K)
Download agenda for the fifth meeting, 20 January 2009 (PDF, 15K)
2008
snip...end
http://www.dh.gov.uk/ab/SaBTO/DH_089412
Tuesday, November 11, 2008 SaBTO Summary of 1st Public Meeting – variant CJD and blood Tuesday 21st October 2008, 2pm-4pm
http://vcjdblood.blogspot.com/2008/11/sabto-summary-of-1st-public-meeting.html
SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY ADVISORY COMMITTEE Minutes of the 99th meeting held on 14th December 2007
snip...
ITEM 8 – PUBLIC QUESTION AND ANSWER SESSION 40.
The Chair explained that the purpose of the question and answer session was to give members of the public an opportunity to ask questions related to the work of SEAC. Mr Terry Singeltary (Texas, USA) had submitted a question prior to the meeting, asking: “With the Nor-98 now documented in five different states so far in the USA in 2007, and with the two atypical BSE H-base cases in Texas and Alabama, with both scrapie and chronic 14 © SEAC 2007 wasting disease (CWD) running rampant in the USA, is there any concern from SEAC with the rise of sporadic CJD in the USA from ''unknown phenotype'', and what concerns if any, in relations to blood donations, surgery, optical, and dental treatment, do you have with these unknown atypical phenotypes in both humans and animals in the USA? Does it concern SEAC, or is it of no concern to SEAC? Should it concern USA animal and human health officials?” 41.
A member considered that this question appeared to be primarily related to possible links between animal and human TSEs in the USA.
There is no evidence that sCJD is increasing in the USA and no evidence of any direct link between TSEs and CJD in the USA. Current evidence does not suggest that CWD is a significant risk to human health. There are unpublished data from a case of human TSE in the USA that are suggestive of an apparently novel form of prion disease with distinct molecular characteristics. However, it is unclear whether the case had been further characterised, if it could be linked to animal TSEs or if other similar cases had been found in the USA or elsewhere. In relation to the possible public health implications of atypical scrapie, H-type BSE and CWD, research was being conducted to investigate possible links and surveillance was in place to detect any changes in human TSEs. Although possible links between these diseases and human TSEs are of concern and require research, there is no evidence to suggest immediate public health action is warranted. The possible human health risks from classical scrapie had been discussed earlier in the meeting. Members noted that there are effective channels of discussion and collaboration on research between USA and European groups. Members agreed it is important to keep a watching brief on new developments on TSEs.
snip...
http://www.seac.gov.uk/minutes/99.pdf
http://seac992007.blogspot.com/2008/07/seac-draft-minutes-of-100th-meeting.html
http://seac992007.blogspot.com/
>>>There is no evidence that sCJD is increasing in the USA and no evidence of any direct link between TSEs and CJD in the USA.<<<
10 people killed by new CJD-like disease
Public release date: 9-Jul-2008 [ Print Article E-mail Article Close Window ]
Contact: Claire Bowles mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000076/!x-usc:mailto:claire.bowles@rbi.co.uk 44-207-611-1210 New Scientist
10 people killed by new CJD-like disease A NEW form of fatal dementia has been discovered in 16 Americans, 10 of whom have already died of the condition. It resembles Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease - with patients gradually losing their ability to think, speak and move - but has features that make it distinct from known forms of CJD.
No one yet knows how the disease originates, or under what conditions it might spread. Nor is it clear how many people have the condition. "I believe the disease has been around for many years, unnoticed," says Pierluigi Gambetti, director of the US National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio. Cases may previously have been mistaken for other forms of dementia.
Since Gambetti's team wrote a paper describing an initial 11 cases referred to his centre between 2002 and 2006 (Annals of Neurology, vol 63, p 697), another five have come to light. "So it is possible that it could be just the tip of the iceberg," Gambetti says.
snip... see full text ;
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-07/ns-tpk070908.php
Thursday, July 10, 2008
A Novel Human Disease with Abnormal Prion Protein Sensitive to Protease update July 10, 2008
http://cjdmadcowbaseoct2007.blogspot.com/2008/07/novel-human-disease-with-abnormal-prion.html
Thursday, July 10, 2008
A New Prionopathy update July 10, 2008
http://cjdmadcowbaseoct2007.blogspot.com/2008/07/new-prionopathy-update-july-10-2008.html
Communicated by: Terry S. Singeltary Sr. <:flounder9@verizon.net>
[In submitting these data, Terry S. Singeltary Sr. draws attention to the steady increase in the "type unknown" category, which, according to their definition, comprises cases in which vCJD could be excluded. The total of 26 cases for the current year (2007) is disturbing, possibly symptomatic of the circulation of novel agents. Characterization of these agents should be given a high priority. - Mod.CP]
http://pro-med.blogspot.com/2007/11/proahedr-prion-disease-update-2007-07.html
http://www.promedmail.org/pls/askus/f?p=2400:1001:6833194127530602005::NO::F2400_P1001_BACK_PAGE,F2400_P1001_PUB_MAIL_ID:1010,39963
There is a growing number of human CJD cases, and they were presented last week in San Francisco by Luigi Gambatti(?) from his CJD surveillance collection.
He estimates that it may be up to 14 or 15 persons which display selectively SPRPSC and practically no detected RPRPSC proteins.
http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/06/transcripts/1006-4240t1.htm
http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/06/transcripts/2006-4240t1.pdf
2008
The statistical incidence of CJD cases in the United States has been revised to reflect that there is one case per 9000 in adults age 55 and older. Eighty-five percent of the cases are sporadic, meaning there is no known cause at present.
http://www.cjdfoundation.org/fact.html
Friday, October 23, 2009
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Surveillance Texas Data for Reporting Years 2000-2008
http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/2009/10/creutzfeldt-jakob-disease-surveillance.html
O.2.2
vCJD infection in an asymptomatic UK haemophilic patient
Alexander Peden1, Graham Fairfoul1, Suzanne Lowrie1, Linda McCardle1, Mark Head1, Seth Love2, Hester Ward1, Simon Cousens3, David Keeling4, Carolyn Millar5, FGH Hill6, James Ironside1 1University of Edinburgh, UK; 2Frenchay Hospital, Bristol, UK; 3London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; 4Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK; 5Imperial College London, UK; 6Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Birmingham, UK
We describe a study of 17 UK patients with haemophilia considered to be at increased risk of vCJD through exposure to UK plasma products. 10 autopsy cases and 7 biopsy cases were analysed for disease- associated, protease-resistant prion protein (PrPres). The tissues available from each case were variable, ranging from a single biopsy sample to a wide range of autopsy tissues. A single specimen from the spleen of one autopsy case gave a strong positive result on repeated testing for PrPres by Western blot analysis. This tissue came from a 73 year-old male with no history of neurological disease, who was heterozygous (methionine/valine) at codon 129 in the prion protein gene. He had received over 9,000 units of Factor VIII concentrate prepared from plasma pools known to include donations from a vCJD-infected donor, and some 400,000 units not known to include donations from vCJD-infected donors. He had also received 14 units of red blood cells and had undergone several surgical and invasive endoscopic procedures. Estimates of the relative risks of exposure though diet, surgery, endoscopy, blood transfusion and receipt of UK plasma products suggest that by far the most likely route of infection was receipt of UK plasma products.
O.2.3
Detection of prion particles in body fluids of humans and animals
Detlev Riesner Institut fur Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine- Universitat Dusseldorf, Germany
A major structural difference between the cellular isoform of the prion protein PrPC and the pathogenic isoform PrPSc is the much higher state of molecular aggregation of PrPSc. PK-resistance as normally used for PrPSc-characterization is not reliably valid for all species, strains and sources of prions. The method of suface-FIDA (fluorescence-intensity distribution analysis) was developed avoiding PK-digestion and detecting specifically disease related PrP-aggregates (Birkmann et al 2007, J. Vet. Microbiol 123, 294-304). After partial purification PrP-aggregates are bound to a chip covered with the captureantibody SAF32, labeled with two types of antibodies against two different epitopes and carrying two different fluorescent dyes. A dual-color laser beam is scanning the chip surface, and the fluorescence signals are evaluated in respect to local coincidence, intensities and particle size. The method was applied to brain homogenate of sCJD-victims (post mortem), to CSF-samples of BSE-afflicted cattle (ante mortem) and blood plasma of scrapie sheep (ante mortem). Particles of PrP-aggregates could be detected in all samples, exhibiting a diameter range of 300 nm (optical resolution) to 1ƒÊm. PrP-aggregates were detected with 100% sensitivity in the sCJD-brain homogenate samples; studies on CSF are ongoing. PrP-aggregates were detected in CSF of BSE-cattle, but the number of samples was too little to evaluate the sensitivity. Only one antibody was available to detect scrapie-PrP-aggregates from blood plasma; the sensitivity of 60% will be improved in the ongoing experiments with a second antibody. PrP-aggregates can be used as seeds for fibril formation with recombinant PrP as template (Stohr et al., 2008, PNAS 105, 2409-14). This system will be used as amplification of the particle detection method.
O.2.4
Detection of prions in blood leucocytes
Linda A. Terry, Laurence Howells, Jeremy Hawthorn, Sally Everest, Sarah Jo Moore, Jane C. Edwards Veterinary Laboratories Agency, UK
Background: Infected human blood has been implicated in the iatrogenic transmission of vCJD in four reported cases. Experimental transmission studies have demonstrated that blood from scrapie and BSE infected sheep also contains infectivity. Rodent models of prion disease implicated both cellular and plasma fractions. However, direct detection of PrPsc from blood in the absence of in vitro amplification or bioassay has proved difficult. Methods for the direct detection of PrPsc in blood would be advantageous for the study of the pathogenesis of TSEs and as a basis for a blood test. Objectives: To develop a method for the direct detection of PrPsc in blood cells from scrapie and BSE infected sheep; to study the temporal distribution of PrPsc in blood and to determine the identity of the cells bearing prions in blood. Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from sheep naturally infected with scrapie or experimentally infected with BSE at the clinical stage of disease and from scrapie infected sheep from 3 months of age through to clinical end-point. PBMCs were tested for PrPsc content by a direct immunoassay based on the IDEXX CWD HerdChek kit. Different subsets of PBMCs were isolated by subset specific cell surface markers and magnetic bead separation and analysed for PrPsc content. Results: PrPSc was detected in 54% of sheep with clinical scrapie and 71% of sheep with clinical BSE. A longitudinal study of the temporal distribution of blood PBMC associated PrPsc showed that the detection rate increases during the course of disease and is more likely to be observed during the second half of the incubation period. Additionally detection is more likely in scrapie infected sheep if they carry the PRNP genotype of VRQ/VRQ. Cell separation studies showed that the PrPsc is associated with a specific cell subset implicating a subset of B lymphocytes. Discussion. This is the first report of the direct detection of PrPsc in cells isolated from sheep blood in the absence of in vitro amplification or bioassay. Since PrPsc can be detected from as early as 3 months of age in sheep naturally infected with scrapie, correlating with initial replication in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue, the assay could be the basis of a preclinical test. The identification of the cell subset carrying PrPsc progresses our understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease. However, it remains unclear whether this cell subset is responsible for the dissemination of prions or in clearance of circulating PrPsc. Funded by defra, UK and IDEXX.
O.2.6
Human urine and PrP
Silvio Notari1*, Liuting Qing1*, Ayuna Dagdanova1*, Sergei Ilchenko1, Mark E. Obrenovich1, Wen-Quan Zou1, Maurizio Pocchiari2, Pierluigi Gambetti1, Qingzhong Kong1, Shu G. Chen1 1Case Western Reserve University, USA; 2Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Italy
Background: The presence and the characteristics of prion protein (PrP) in human urine under normal conditions are controversial. Similarly, there are no definite data on the presence of infectivity in urine in the course of naturally occurring human prion diseases. Objectives: 1) To definitely determine the presence and characteristics of PrPC in normal urine. 2) To evaluate the prion infectivity in human urine in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD), we have carried out a set of bioassays in humanized transgenic mouse with urine samples collected from sCJD subjects. Methods: 1) Advanced mass spectrometry and experimental treatments have been used to demonstrate the presence, primary structure and posttranslational modifications of purified urinary PrPC (uPrP). 2) Bioassays were performed by intracerebral inoculation of 100 times concentrated and dialyzed urine, collected from three sCJD-MM1 cases to humanized transgenic mice and from appropriate controls. Results: We found that human urine contains significant amount of PrP (approximately 10 ng/ml) that is truncated with the major N-terminus at residue 112 as the PrPC fragment identified as C1, and it carries an anchor, which is soluble because likely lacks the phosholipid component. None of the humanized transgenic mice inoculated with sCJD concentrated urine had evidence of prion disease during a period of over 700 days (their normal life expectancy) leading to the conclusion that prion infectivity in sCJD urine, if present, must be less than 6 infectious units/100ml. Discussion: The issues raised in the discussion will include: 1) The origin of the truncated uPrP; 2) How the present data compare with the experimental studies published to date that indicate presence of infectivity; 3) The practical implications of our findings. *
These authors contributed equally
O.4.6
All separated components, prepared from BSE-infected sheep blood, are infectious upon transfusion
Sandra McCutcheon1, Anthony Richard Alejo Blanco1, Christopher de Wolf1, Boon Chin Tan1, Nora Hunter1, Valerie Hornsey2, Christopher Prowse2, Marc Turner2, Martin H Groschup3, Dietmar Becher4, Fiona Houston5, Jean C Manson1 1The Roslin Institute and R (D) SVS, University of Edinburgh, UK; 2Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, UK; 3FLIFederal Research Institute for Animal Health, Germany; 4Micromun, Germany; 5University of Glasgow, UK
Background: The possibility that vCJD may be transmitted by blood transfusion is serious public health issue, of which 4 probable (3 clinical) cases have been attributed. Recently a case of asymptomatic vCJD infection was identified in a haemophiliac; following treatment with clotting factors from UK plasma pools. Sheep orally infected with BSE provide a suitable model, to assess vCJD infection in humans & risk reduction methods, as the distribution of PrPSc & infectivity in lymphoid tissues resembles that of vCJD patients.
Objectives: To determine qualitative and quantitative data on the changes in infectivity in blood and its clinically relevant components with time, to assess the effect of leucodepletion of such products and the potential for secondary transmission by blood transfusion.
Methods: We orally infected sheep with bovine BSE brain homogenate and collected two full-sized donations of whole blood, before the onset of clinical signs. The following components were transfused into naive recipients: whole blood, buffy coat and leucoreduced and non leucoreduced plasma, platelets and red cells. A sub sample of all components was inoculated into TgShpXI mice for determination of infectivity titers. A unit of whole blood from selected primary recipients was transfused into secondary recipients. We are creating a blood archive throughout this study.
Results: 33% of the infected donors have been confirmed as having BSE. We have 4 transmissions of BSE-infectivity following the transfusion of whole blood, buffy coat and plasma. Short incubation times were recorded in these recipients (468, 513, 567 and 594 days) & were similar to those seen in their respective donors (534, 628, 614 and 614 days). The donor of buffy coat also donated both leucodepleted and non leucodepleted blood components to other recipients.
Discussion: Our study will provide invaluable data on the safety of blood products, in relation to TSE infection, used in human medicine (DoH 007/0162)
O.8.1
Variant CJD and plasma products
Robert G. Will National CJD Surveillance Unit, Edinburgh, UK
Evidence from the Transfusion Medicine Epidemiology Review (TMER) project indicates that variant CJD is transmissible through transfusion of labile blood components. The question as to whether plasma products sourced from vCJD contaminated plasma pools has been addressed by a number of risk assessments, with conflicting conclusions. Recently a case of possible vCJD infection in an individual with haemophilia has been described and analysis has suggested that infection may have been related to prior treatment with vCJD implicated Factor VIII. The details of this case will be described together with an analysis of plasma product exposures in UK clinical cases of vCJD.
O.8.2
Blood safety: from screening tests to prion removal
Marc Turner Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service and Department of Haematology, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK
Although the number of clinical cases of variant CJD continues to fall, concern remains within UK and Western European Blood Services in relation to the risk of transmission of variant CJD due to the estimated prevalence of sub-clinical infection in the general population and the clinical cases of transmission of variant CJD prions by blood components and plasma products. The UK Advisory Committee on the Safety of Blood, Tissues and Organs (SaBTO) has considered a number of further precautionary measures including reducing exposure to blood transfusion, importation of blood components, implementation of prion assays and prion reduction for red cell concentrates. The latter two technologies are currently under independent evaluation and it is expected that contingent on the outcome of these an initial decision on whether or not to recommend implementation of these technologies will be made by SaBTO in Autumn 2009.
O.9.3
Updated risk assessment of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) risks for recipients of plasma-derived blood clotting products in the U.S.
Hong Yang, Richard Forshee, Mark Walderhaug, Steven Anderson US Food and Drug Administration, USA
Background: A recent announcement by UK health authorities of a case of vCJD infection in a >70 year old person with hemophilia has prompted the US Food & Drug Administration (FDA) to re-evaluate vCJD risks in the U.S. via plasma-derived Factor VIII (pdFVIII) and to update its 2006 risk assessment. As of May 2009, confirmed vCJD deaths have occurred in persons who are homozygous methionine (MM) at codon 129 of the PRP gene. Several reports in the last few years have indicated signs of vCJD infection in persons of methionine-valine (MV) and homozygous valine (VV) genotypes. FDA updated risk assessment by assuming all genotypes are susceptible to vCJD and modeling the incubation periods for all three genotypes.
Objectives: To evaluate the vCJD risk for pdFVIII recipients with severe hemophilia and vonWillebrand diseases.
Methods: The model assumed equal susceptibility of three genotypes, a median incubation period of 12 years for the MM and 32 years for MV and VV genotypes, and vCJD infectivity was present in the blood of infected donors during the last 50% to 90% of incubation period. Model used statistical distributions for inputs including susceptibility to the disease, donation rates, frequency and duration of travel to the UK, France and other countries in Europe since 1980, the effectiveness of donor deferral policies and infectivity clearance during manufacturing processes.
Results: For severe hemophilia patients at the highest risk (prophylaxis, with inhibitor, with immune tolerance) the model estimated annual mean exposure to be ~7 x 10-8 iv ID50 or ~1 in 270,000 with the lower prevalence (4 per million) assumption, and ~1 x 10-4 iv ID50 or ~1 in 12,000 with the higher prevalence (1 per 4,225) assumption. Donor deferral policies reduce the risk by >92%.
Discussion: Due to limited data and knowledge of vCJD, the model estimates are uncertain. However, it suggests the risk is small, and donor deferral and manufacturing processes greatly reduce the risk.
P.10.7
Serial passage of sCJD in humanised transgenic mice indicates two major transmission strains associated with PrPSc of either type 1 or 2
Matthew Bishop, Robert Will, Enrico Cancellotti, Jean Manson University of Edinburgh, UK
Background: Questions remain about the aetiology of sporadic CJD and whether phenotypic variation is solely controlled by factors such as codon 129 genotype and biochemistry of PrPC. Variation in infective strain has not been clearly demonstrated in sCJD.
Objectives: By serial passage of sCJD in transgenic mice expressing human prion protein with MM, MV, and VV codon 129 genotypes we aimed to understand strain transmission characteristics for the three most commonly observed phenotypes of sCJD.
Methods: We performed intracerebral inoculation of humanised transgenic mice with brain homogenates derived from similar mice previously inoculated with frontal cortex from sCJD patients of subgroups MM1, MV2, and VV2. These mice were assessed for clinical TSE signs, for TSE vacuolation, and deposition of PrPSc.
Results: sCJD(MM1) passage via all mice showed transmission profiles similar to primary inoculation. sCJD(MV2) passage via HuMM and HuVV mice showed a transmission profile similar to primary inoculation. Passage via a HuMV mouse showed transmission properties similar to not only the primary inoculum but also sCJD(MM1). sCJD(VV2) passage via HuMV and HuVV mice showed transmission profiles similar to the primary inoculation. Passage via a HuMM mouse showed transmission properties similar to not only the sCJD(VV2) primary inoculum but also sCJD(MM1). Cluster analysis of the lesion profile data showed that three clusters seen after primary inoculation were reduced to two following second passage, identified by the biochemical type of PrPSc (1 or 2) found in the host mice.
Discussion: Serial passage of sCJD subgroups MM1, MV2, and VV2 shows that PrPSc type and mouse codon 129 genotype determine the secondary transmission profile, independently of the originating inoculum strain. There are associations between type 1 PrPSc and C129-Met, and type 2 PrPSc and C129-Val. This should allow us to investigate further the relationship between PrPSc, genotype, infection, and pathology.
P.5.1
Detection of cellular prion protein (PrPc) in plasma from healthy cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) and changes observed after BSE infection
Barbara Yutzy, Edgar Holznagel, Johannes Löwer Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Germany
Background: Orally BSE-dosed cynomolgus monkeys represent a valuable model to examine the kinetic of blood infectivity and to assess the risk of blood-borne transmission of variant Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (vCJD).
Methods: Blood samples were collected monthly from BSE-infected (n = 18) and non-infected female cynomolgus monkeys (n = 8) over a period of up to 9 years. PrPc concentrations were retrospectively analyzed in plasma samples by a dot blot assay and by a sandwich ELISA using a highly sensitive dissociation- enhanced lanthanide fluoro-immunoassay (DELFIA) for detection. Different blood preparation protocols were evaluated to obtain plasma.
Objective: To detect changes in the levels of soluble plasmaderived PrPc. Results: Different blood preparation protocols had a significant effect on the measured plasma PrPc concentrations. In non-infected macaques, concentrations of soluble, plasmaderived PrPc were at least 10-fold lower compared to plasma concentrations in healthy humans. Levels of plasma PrPc increased 6 – 12 months after experimental BSE infection, remained high during the asymptomatic phase, and dropped towards the clinical phase. Soluble, plasma-derived PrPc molecules were PK-sensitive in BSE-infected macaques.
Discussion: There is a species-specific difference in the PrPc concentrations between human and macaque. At least a part of the plasma-derived PrPc fraction originates from blood cells. Andfinally, BSE infection caused an increase in plasma PrPc levels during the asymptomatic phase of infection. Blood transfusion studies have been initiated to examine whether these PK-sensitive PrP molecules carry infectivity.
http://www.prion2009.com/sites/default/files/Prion2009_Book_of_Abstracts.pdf
Monday, October 19, 2009
Atypical BSE, BSE, and other human and animal TSE in North America Update October 19, 2009
http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2009/10/atypical-bse-bse-and-other-human-and.html
2009 UPDATE ON ALABAMA AND TEXAS MAD COWS 2005 and 2006
http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2006/08/bse-atypical-texas-and-alabama-update.html
Tuesday, August 11, 2009
Characteristics of Established and Proposed Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Variants
http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2009/08/characteristics-of-established-and.html
Saturday, June 13, 2009
Monitoring the occurrence of emerging forms of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the United States 2003 revisited 2009
http://cjdusa.blogspot.com/2009/06/monitoring-occurrence-of-emerging-forms.html
Friday, October 23, 2009
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Surveillance Texas Data for Reporting Years 2000-2008
http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/2009/10/creutzfeldt-jakob-disease-surveillance.html
Sunday, May 17, 2009
WHO WILL WATCH THE CHILDREN ? SCHOOL LUNCH PROGRAM FROM DOWNER CATTLE UPDATE
http://downercattle.blogspot.com/2009/05/who-will-watch-children.html
http://downercattle.blogspot.com/
Sunday, September 6, 2009
MAD COW USA 1997 SECRET VIDEO
http://madcowusda.blogspot.com/2009/09/mad-cow-usa-1997-video.html
U.S.A. HIDING MAD COW DISEASE VICTIMS AS SPORADIC CJD ? see video at bottom
http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2009/07/usa-hiding-mad-cow-disease-victims-as.html
DAMNING TESTIMONY FROM STANLEY PRUSINER THE NOBEL PEACE PRIZE WINNER ON PRIONS SPEAKING ABOUT ANN VENEMAN see video
http://maddeer.org/video/embedded/prusinerclip.html
Saturday, August 22, 2009
FREE Kim Min-sun, she is correct about mad cow fears from USDA BEEF
http://usdavskorea.blogspot.com/2009/08/free-kim-min-sun-she-is-correct-about.html
Office of Inspector General Semiannual Report to Congress FY 2007 - 2nd Half
Two Texas Companies Sentenced and Fined for Misbranding Meat Products In April 2007, two closely held and related Texas companies pled guilty in Federal court and were sentenced to 12 months of probation and ordered to pay $10,250 in fines for misbranding meat products. One of the companies sold adulterated meat products to a retail store in New Mexico. Additionally, portions of the invoices failed to properly and consistently identify the meat products as being from cattle more than 30 months old at time of slaughter. This information is required to be disclosed because of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE, or "mad cow disease") concerns. No adulterated meat reached consumers.
http://www.usda.gov/oig/webdocs/sarc071212.pdf
Saturday, August 29, 2009
FOIA REQUEST FEED RECALL 2009 Product may have contained prohibited materials Bulk Whole Barley, Recall # V-256-2009
http://madcowfeed.blogspot.com/2009/08/foia-request-feed-recall-2009-product.html
Friday, September 4, 2009
FOIA REQUEST ON FEED RECALL PRODUCT 429,128 lbs. feed for ruminant animals may have been contaminated with prohibited material Recall # V-258-2009
http://madcowfeed.blogspot.com/2009/09/foia-request-on-feed-recall-product.html
THIS recall is not confusing ;
10,000,000+ LBS. of PROHIBITED BANNED MAD COW FEED I.E. BLOOD LACED MBM IN COMMERCE USA 2007
Date: March 21, 2007 at 2:27 pm PST
RECALLS AND FIELD CORRECTIONS: VETERINARY MEDICINES -- CLASS II
___________________________________
PRODUCT
Bulk cattle feed made with recalled Darling's 85% Blood Meal, Flash Dried, Recall # V-024-2007
CODE
Cattle feed delivered between 01/12/2007 and 01/26/2007
RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER
Pfeiffer, Arno, Inc, Greenbush, WI. by conversation on February 5, 2007.
Firm initiated recall is ongoing.
REASON
Blood meal used to make cattle feed was recalled because it was cross- contaminated with prohibited bovine meat and bone meal that had been manufactured on common equipment and labeling did not bear cautionary BSE statement.
VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE
42,090 lbs.
DISTRIBUTION
WI
___________________________________
PRODUCT
Custom dairy premix products: MNM ALL PURPOSE Pellet, HILLSIDE/CDL Prot- Buffer Meal, LEE, M.-CLOSE UP PX Pellet, HIGH DESERT/ GHC LACT Meal, TATARKA, M CUST PROT Meal, SUNRIDGE/CDL PROTEIN Blend, LOURENZO, K PVM DAIRY Meal, DOUBLE B DAIRY/GHC LAC Mineral, WEST PIONT/GHC CLOSEUP Mineral, WEST POINT/GHC LACT Meal, JENKS, J/COMPASS PROTEIN Meal, COPPINI - 8# SPECIAL DAIRY Mix, GULICK, L-LACT Meal (Bulk), TRIPLE J - PROTEIN/LACTATION, ROCK CREEK/GHC MILK Mineral, BETTENCOURT/GHC S.SIDE MK-MN, BETTENCOURT #1/GHC MILK MINR, V&C DAIRY/GHC LACT Meal, VEENSTRA, F/GHC LACT Meal, SMUTNY, A- BYPASS ML W/SMARTA, Recall # V-025-2007
CODE
The firm does not utilize a code - only shipping documentation with commodity and weights identified.
RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER
Rangen, Inc, Buhl, ID, by letters on February 13 and 14, 2007. Firm initiated recall is complete.
REASON
Products manufactured from bulk feed containing blood meal that was cross contaminated with prohibited meat and bone meal and the labeling did not bear cautionary BSE statement.
VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE
9,997,976 lbs.
DISTRIBUTION
ID and NV
END OF ENFORCEMENT REPORT FOR MARCH 21, 2007
http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/enforce/2007/ENF00996.html
NEW URL
http://www.fda.gov/Safety/Recalls/EnforcementReports/2007/ucm120446.htm
Thursday, March 19, 2009
MILLIONS AND MILLIONS OF POUNDS OF MAD COW FEED IN COMMERCE USA WITH ONGOING 12 YEARS OF DENIAL
http://madcowfeed.blogspot.com/2009/03/millions-and-millions-of-pounds-of-mad.html
Sunday, October 18, 2009
Wisconsin Firm Recalls Beef Tongues That Contain Prohibited Materials SRM WASHINGTON, October 17, 2009
http://madcowfeed.blogspot.com/2009/10/wisconsin-firm-recalls-beef-tongues.html
Thursday, October 15, 2009
Nebraska Firm Recalls Beef Tongues That Contain Prohibited Materials SRM WASHINGTON, Oct 15, 2009
http://madcowfeed.blogspot.com/2009/10/nebraska-firm-recalls-beef-tongues-that.html
Tuesday, July 14, 2009
U.S. Emergency Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Response Plan Summary and BSE Red Book Date: February 14, 2000 at 8:56 am PST
WHERE did we go wrong $$$
http://madcowtesting.blogspot.com/2009/07/us-emergency-bovine-spongiform.html
Sunday, December 28, 2008
MAD COW DISEASE USA DECEMBER 28, 2008 an 8 year review of a failed and flawed policy
http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2008/12/mad-cow-disease-usa-december-28-2008-8.html
Wednesday, August 20, 2008
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Mad Cow Disease typical and atypical strains, was there a cover-up ? August 20, 2008
http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2008/08/bovine-spongiform-encephalopathy-mad.html
Monday, May 11, 2009
Rare BSE mutation raises concerns over risks to public health
http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2009/05/rare-bse-mutation-raises-concerns-over.html
Terry S. Singeltary Sr. P.O. Box 42 Bacliff, Texas USA 77518
Thursday, February 26, 2009
SEAC 102nd Meeting on Wednesday 4 March 2009
SEAC
Agenda
102nd Meeting on Wednesday 4 March 2009
Room 808, Nobel House, 17 Smith Square, Defra, London SW1P 3JR
10.05 Approval of draft minutes from SEAC 101
snip...
ITEM 3 – CURRENT ISSUES 8. SEAC was informed about the following issues: • A mother and son in Spain had died of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD). This is the first recorded instance of more than one case of vCJD within one family. As both the mother and son lived in a region of Spain with a history of BSE, had frequently shared meals of cattle brain, and as no other risk factor has been identified, it seems most likely that both infections were acquired from dietary exposure. Furthermore, the similar times of onset of disease of the cases did not suggest transmission had occurred from one to the other.
snip...
21. A member asked if it was possible to translate the estimates of infectivity into a number of potential additional cases of vCJD. Dr Comer explained that such estimates would rely upon a number of assumptions where there would be large uncertainties, producing results with very large uncertainties. Human exposure expressed as bovine oral ID50 may be more easily understood, aiding decision making. A member noted that the possibility of human-to-human transmission made estimating the potential number of vCJD cases for a given level of dietary exposure to BSE more complex. Members agreed that it was important to communicate to consumers the reasons why such estimates are so difficult to make.
snip...
24. Dr Victor Del Rio Vilas (VLA) presented an overview of the study conducted between July 2005 and November 2007. The aim was to characterise cases of atypical scrapie, particularly with regard to their holdings of origin and to examine any association between variables related to the holdings and the occurrence of atypical scrapie. Forty case holdings and 119 control holdings were analysed. Data were collected from interviews with farmers with a questionnaire, producing 260 analytical variables. A statistical analysis of the data collected showed that a small number of variables, including certain animal feeds, were associated with an increase in the odds of atypical scrapie being present. Some variables appeared protective against atypical scrapie.
snip...
see full text ;
http://www.seac.gov.uk/papers/102-1.pdf
10.50
New results on idiopathic brainstem neuronal chromatolysis Dr M Jeffrey (VLA)
SEAC 102/2
NEW RESULTS ON IDIOPATHIC BRAINSTEM NEURONAL CHROMATOLYSIS FROM THE VETERINARY LABORATORIES AGENCY
ISSUE
1. The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) has asked SEAC to consider a research article (Annex A) entitled “Idiopathic Brainstem Neuronal Chromatolysis (IBNC): a novel prion protein related disorder of cattle?” produced by the Veterinary Laboratories Agency.
2. Martin Jeffrey, the lead author of the article, will be present at the meeting to present an overview and answer questions.
BACKGROUND
3. IBNC is a rare1 neurodegenerative disease of adult cattle. This disorder has some clinical similarity to BSE and was initially recognised from histological examination of cattle brains submitted as part of the UK surveillance for BSE diagnosis in 1989. However, the brains of IBNC-affected cattle have pathological features which are clearly different from those seen in BSE. Most cases have been detected in Scotland, but it is not known if this is a true distribution or primarily because Scottish scientists have examined BSE negative cases in more detail. The last reported case of IBNC in an animal presented as a BSE suspect was in 2005, in an animal born in 1992.
PREVIOUS CONSIDERATION BY SEAC
4. SEAC first considered IBNC at its 14th meeting (April 1993) and emphasised the importance of defining the new condition in detail with
1 Between the years 1988 and 1991 IBNC occurred in Scotland with an incidence of 7 cases per 100,000 beef suckler cattle over the age of 6 years (from Annex A).
transmission studies and PrP examination. The next discussion was at the 19th meeting (June 1995), when the committee reflected on results of transmission studies in mice (VM, RIII, C57 and C57xVM mice) from brains of two cattle with IBNC. Some mice had shown signs of TSE disease, but it was suggested this could have been due to low level BSE contamination of the samples. The committee recommended that further investigations should be carried out on isolates from brains of IBNC cases with removal of the brain and subsequent handling under conditions that would prevent contamination.
5. At the 49th meeting (March 1998) the committee considered a further IBNC transmission study in which the brain from an IBNC case was removed under aseptic conditions. The mouse strains challenged were RIII, VM, C57BL, C57BL x VM and IM. These experiments ran for between 577 and 631 days and no clinical signs of transmission were evident. The Committee stated2 it was content that, although little was known about IBNC, it did not constitute a health risk to man because suspect IBNC cases would be taken as BSE suspects or caught by the Over Thirty Months (OTM) Scheme.
6. Annex B contains the minutes of the discussions on IBNC at previous SEAC meetings.
NEW RESULTS
7. The research article “Idiopathic Brainstem Neuronal Chromatolysis (IBNC): a novel prion protein related disorder of cattle?” was published in September 2008. The cases studied concerned brains from cattle killed between 1993 and 2005 when they were between 5 and 15 years of age. All of the 15 cattle tested showed that the brains had abnormally accumulated prion protein.
8. Defra has asked that SEAC considers the VLA paper in order to confirm or revise its previous views on this disorder as:
This is the first time IBNC has been shown to be associated with abnormal expression or accumulation of the prion protein.
The previous transmission studies conducted in the 1990s were inconclusive and repeat studies are planned.
IBNC is thought to be rare but the exact prevalence of the disorder is unknown, as IBNC would not be picked up through the
2 At 49th SEAC meeting (9th March 1998), paragraph 52, see Annex B.
active surveillance programme for BSE which uses rapid post-mortem tests to detect proteinase-K resistant PrPSc.
9. Additionally, TSE controls on older cattle have changed since the previous SEAC advice in 1998. For example the OTM Scheme, which was in operation then, has now been replaced with testing of cattle slaughtered for human consumption aged over 48 months. Other controls remain, such as compulsory notification of suspected BSE, ante-mortem inspection, specified risk for cattle slaughtered for human consumption and a ban on cattle born or reared in UK before 1st August 1996 entering the food chain.
FUTURE RESEARCH
10. VLA are hoping to carry out further mouse transmission studies of IBNC cases as part of a larger project, on TSE molecular sciences, about which Defra is currently in advanced negotiations with VLA. If new cases of IBNC occur, it is planned that the brains from 2 cases of IBNC will be obtained and bioassayed in transgenic mouse lines, expressing bovine PrP or ovine PrP (PrP genotype AHQ), developed by the VLA.
ADVICE SOUGHT
11. The committee is asked to consider:
if the paper changes the previous opinion of SEAC in 1998?
if members have any comments on the further research planned?
SEAC SECRETARIAT
FEBRUARY 2009
ANNEX A
A copy of the paper “Idiopathic Brainstem Neuronal Chromatolysis (IBNC): a novel prion protein related disorder of cattle?”
ANNEX B
FROM MINUTES OF 14TH SEAC MEETING – 22 APRIL 1993
12. The Committee emphasised the importance of defining this new condition in detail with transmission studies and PrP examination (3 had already been examined for PrP, all negative). The total number of cases was now 50 with still only one in England.
FROM MINUTES OF 18TH SEAC MEETING – 10 FEBRUARY 1995
16. A Member told the Committee that no infectivity (by bioassay in mice) nor PrP had been found in the brains of idiopathic brainstem chromatolysis and hippocampal sclerosis cases. It is thought that the condition might be caused by a dietary deficiency, or some other metabolic disease.
FROM MINUTES OF 19TH SEAC MEETING – 21 JUNE 1995
29. A Member described the results of transmission studies in mice from brains of two cows with IBNC (paper SEAC 19/8). At the previous meeting of SEAC, and at the review of R&D, it had been announced that there was no clinical observation of a scrapie-like disease in mice: this information had proved to be incorrect for a number of reasons. Of the mice inoculated with brain tissue from the first cow, there had been mild transient clinical signs, one had shown equivocal lesions of SE but PrP studies had proved negative. From the second cow there were two definite cases of SE though the lesion distribution and incubation period were not the same as seen in mice inoculated with brain from BSE cases or any characterised strain of scrapie. The lesions in these two mice were PrP positive. There was no obvious evidence of any mix up though one possible area of cross-contamination was during the necropsy in the Perth VIC. More evidence would be needed and further transmission studies to validate the results and proposals were put forward for further study.
30. The Committee noted that the results were unusual. They questioned whether there could be coincidental BSE infection or contamination with scrapie. The Chair noted that the feeling of the Committee was that this did not represent a new agent but it was important to be prepared to say something publicly about these findings. A suggested line to take was that these were scientifically unpublishable results but in line with the policy of openness they would be made publicly available and further work done to test their validity. Since the BSE precautions were applied to IBNC cases, human health was protected. Further investigations should be carried out on isolations from brains of IBNC cases with removal of the brain and subsequent handling under strict conditions to avoid the risk of any contamination.
31. A Member informed the Committee that the CVO had informed the CMO about the IBNC results and the transmission from retina and he, like the Committee was satisfied that the controls already in place or proposed were adequate.
FROM MINUTES OF 42ND SEAC MEETING – 23 MAY 1997
62. The Committee were advised that the paper had been circulated for information, and that no further action was proposed until further results were available unless the Committee felt otherwise. The Committee noted the paper. FROM MINUTES OF 49TH SEAC MEETING – 9 MARCH 1998
52. The Committee had expressed concern last year that IBNC could be a transmissible disease. Mouse assays from cases had been undertaken and SEAC 49/8 was an update on information given to the Committee last year. The positive results obtained from the earlier transmission experiments were now thought probably to have been due to BSE strain 301V contamination in the laboratory. Consequently no firm conclusion could be drawn from them on whether IBNC is transmissible. The latest transmission study, had been running for between 577 and 631 days with no evidence of transmission to date. The Committee were informed that the IBNC cases had tested negative by immunohistochemistry. The Committee were content that, although little was known about IBNC, it did not constitute a health risk to man. Suspect IBNC cases would be taken as BSE suspects or caught by the Over Thirty Months Scheme.
http://www.seac.gov.uk/papers/102-2.pdf
12.00 DH risk assessment on sourcing and pooling plasma Dr S Dobra (DH)
SEAC 102/3 (PDF)
Annex (PDF)
SEAC 102/3
SEAC
Spongiform Encephalopathy Advisory Committee
Comparing the relative risk of vCJD transmission via single unit and pooled plasma from UK and non-UK sources. ISSUE
1. The Department of Health (DH) has asked SEAC to provide advice on a risk assessment methodology, for assessing the risks of using single unit plasma with respect to pooled plasma, from the UK or a range of non-UK source countries. The risk assessment is attached at annex 1.
RISK ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY
2. The DH risk assessment quantifies the risks to public health of pooled plasma under a number of different scenarios. The purpose of the risk assessment is to allow the potential vCJD risks of different plasma products to be quantified and compared to inform recommendations about their use. Firstly, it presents a comparison of the risk of single unit plasma with respect to pooled plasma of various pool sizes from the same source country. It then compares the relative risk of single unit plasma to pooled plasma (for various pool sizes) from a different source country. This is done on a scenario basis, using different assumed values for the risk reduction from sourcing from outside the UK.
3. Due to the uncertainty of a number of key parameters associated with vCJD, the risk assessment uses a scenario-based approach for two of the main parameters: vCJD prevalence in the UK donor population and the level of infectivity of blood. Under different infectivity and prevalence scenarios, it assesses the risk of transmission of vCJD via plasma in a pooled product, compared to the baseline risk of single unit UK plasma.
4. The paper also presents a methodology for estimating the relative vCJD prevalence of a source country with respect to the UK, through comparisons of vCJD and BSE incidence, adjusted to take into account their relative degrees of active and passive surveillance.
5. Finally, the paper compares the relative risk of single unit UK plasma to pooled plasma (for various pool sizes) that has been prion filtered.
© SEAC 2009
1
KEY ASSUMPTIONS USED IN THE DH RISK ASSESSMENT
6. The key assumptions used in the risk assessment are:
Two scenarios for the infectivity of whole blood are used for the purposes of this model: a 'low' scenario (0.1 ID/ml i.v. transmission) and a ‘high’ scenario (30 ID/ml i.v. transmission).
50% of the infectivity of whole blood is removed by leucodepletion and the remaining 50% of infectivity resides within the residual plasma.
Two scenarios for prevalence of vCJD in the UK are used: a 'low' scenario (1 in 20,000) and a ‘high’ scenario (1 in 4,000). In the absence of any further evidence, these will also be used for the UK donor population and applied irrespective of age or genotype.
The dose-response follows a Poisson distribution.
100% of the population is susceptible to infection and developing clinical symptoms of vCJD. The rationale for these assumptions is explained in the assessment.
PREVIOUS SEAC ADVICE
7. Previous SEAC advice on the pooling of blood, as well as the level, and distribution, of infectivity in blood is summarised in the risk assessment, which also includes the SEAC position statement on TSE infectivity in blood at Annex A. Other SEAC advice pertinent to consideration of the risk assessment on the geographical BSE risk categorisation and estimates of the prevalence of subclinical vCJD are given below.
8. SEAC provided advice on the sub-clinical prevalence of vCJD in its 2008 position statement on Prevalence of Subclinical variant Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease Infections 2. The statement concluded that it would be prudent to consider that the estimate provided by the Hilton et al study of 1 in 4,000, provides a reasonable, pragmatic and precautionary working scenario for the prevalence of subclinical infections.
9. SEAC has not previously provided advice on sourcing plasma from countries with known BSE risks. However, the committee provided advice on the Geographical BSE Risk (GBR) system for assessing sourcing risks as part of its discussion on medical implants containing bovine material, in February 2006. The committee considered that the GBR system gives a very imprecise indication of BSE risk. In relative terms, the BSE risk was likely to be lower in a GBR I country compared with a GBR III country, but the difference in risk cannot be quantified. In terms of a more robust risk analysis, the Committee considered that it is important to obtain a more reliable estimate of the prevalence of BSE in a country than simply GBR status, and to have confidence in the quality of the surveillance data. SEAC concluded that the GBR status of a country gives an imprecise indication of BSE risk and that it would be better to use an estimated prevalence of BSE in a country based on data from a robust surveillance system 3.
© SEAC 2009
2
ADVICE SOUGHT FROM SEAC
10. The Committee is asked to comment on:
whether the assumptions used in the risk assessment are reasonable; and
the appropriateness of the methodology of the risk assessment to quantify and compare the potential vCJD risk that may be associated with plasma products.
Notes
1. Position Statement on TSE Infectivity in Blood, July 2006,
http://www.seac.gov.uk/statements/statement0806.htm
2. Position Statement on Prevalence of Subclinical variant Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease Infections, August 2008,
http://www.seac.gov.uk/statements/statement0806.htm
3. Medical Implants Containing Bovine Material, SEAC 91, 24 February 2006.
© SEAC 2009
http://www.seac.gov.uk/papers/102-3.pdf
A comparison of the relative risk of vCJD transmission via single unit and pooled plasma from UK and non-UK sources
Sonya Crowe, Stephen Dobra and Jenny Ball, Health Protection Analytical Team, Department of Health
January 2009
PART I: BACKGROUND TO RISK ASSESSMENT
1. Introduction
This paper concerns the possible risk of person-to-person vCJD transmission via transfusion of Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP). We propose a risk assessment methodology to assess such risks for pooled and imported FFP products relative to the baseline risk associated with UK sourced single unit FFP. We also assess the implications of different assumptions for the reduction in infectivity due to the manufacturing process. An assessment of the claimed reductions in infectivity through processing is outside the scope of this paper. The risk assessment concentrates on four potential supply options of FFP:
1. UK-sourced single unit FFP (as a baseline)
2. Non-UK-sourced single unit FFP
3. Non-UK-sourced pooled FFP
4. Non-UK-sourced prion-reduced pooled FFP
The analysis presented in this paper is concerned only with vCJD transmission, but the sourcing of plasma has a wide range of other implications, from microbiological risk to clinical efficacy and safety.
snip...
1.2 Background to Part III: Risk assessment of country sourcing There remains considerable uncertainty about the underlying prevalence of vCJD in the UK population, and populations elsewhere in the world. However, it is important when considering the risk reduction of a policy such as importation of plasma that an estimate is made of the relative prevalence of the non-UK source country to that of the UK. This allows, as detailed in part II of this paper, an assessment of the risk reduction associated with sourcing single unit or pooled plasma from non-UK sources with respect to the baseline of single unit UK plasma.
We present a methodology for estimating the relative vCJD prevalence of a source country with respect to the UK, through comparisons of vCJD and BSE incidence, adjusted to take into account their relative degrees of active and passive surveillance. Again, we ask SEAC to asses the general methodology proposed.
snip...
see full text 50 pages ;
http://www.seac.gov.uk/papers/102-3annex.pdf
In the afternoon of the 4th of March 2009, SEAC will discuss unpublished research relating to the finding of abnormal prion protein at post mortem in the spleen of a person with haemophilia (as reported recently by the Health Protection Agency). This part of the meeting will be held in closed session to allow discussion of unpublished data. This is in accordance with the SEAC Code of Practice.
END...TSS
Wednesday, October 08, 2008 Idiopathic Brainstem Neuronal Chromatolysis (IBNC): a novel prion protein related disorder of cattle?
http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2008/10/idiopathic-brainstem-neuronal.html
40,000 human heart valves a year from BSE herds
http://www.mad-cow.org/00/sep00_news.html#hhh
Other US BSE risks: the imported products picture 24 Jul 00 Trade Statistics: UK to US Compiled by Terry S.Singeltary Sr of Bacliff, Texas
[Opinion (webmaster): The US has focused for years on tracing, containing, and eradicating live animal imports from the UK or other countries with acknowledged BSE like Belgium, including some 499 cattle and the Vermont sheep. This strategy does not acknowledge imports of rendered bovine products from England during the BSE period nor secondary products such as surgical catgut, which is to say surgical cowgut, or dairy cattle embryos, vaccines for veterinarian and human medicines. What has become of these? Mr. Singeltary, who lost his mother to CJD of unexplained origin a few years back and went on to became a well-known TSE activist, has tracked down voluminous pertinent import data through correspondence with UK officials and searches of government web sites. Imports of such products are frequently cited by Europeans in rating BSE risks in the US and in shutting out US exports.
Many people's eyes glaze over when reviewing reams of sometimes older trade statistics. There is no proof that any of the imported products was contaminated with BSE nor if so, any evidence that any BSE product lead to infection in US livestock, surgical patients, or what not. Nonetheless, the data obtained by Mr. Singeltary establish that an appalling variety and tonnage of products that were imported by the US from the UK and othr BSE-affected countries during the peak of the BSE epidemic years.]
10 January 1990 COMMERCIAL IN CONFIDENCE
NOT FOR PUBLICATION
COMMITTEE ON SAFETY OF MEDICINES WORKING PARTY ON BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY
2.1 At the first meeting of the Working Party on Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy on 6 September 1989, detailed consideration was given to XXXXX Surgical Catgut. This arose from the Company's response to the Letter to Licence Holders, indicating that the bovine small intestine source material was derived from UK cattle, unlike 8 other licenced catgut sutures. In contrast XXXXX Surgical Catgut was stated to hold over 90% share of the market for catgut sutures, and to constitute approximately 83% of all sutures used in U.K. IMPORTS OF SUTURES FROM THE KNOWN BSE COUNTRY;
3006.10.0000: STERILE SURGICAL CATGUT, SIMILAR STERILE SUTURE MATERIALS AND STERILETISSUE ADHESIVES FOR SURGICAL WOUND CLOSURE; AND SIMILAR STERILE MATERIAL U.S. Imports for Consumption: December 1998 and 1998 Year-to-Date (Customs Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilograms)
<--- Dec 1998 ---> <--- 1998 YTD ---> Country Quantity Value Quantity Value
=================================================================
WORLD TOTAL . . . . . . . 10,801 3,116 143,058 40,068
Belgium . . . . . . . . . --- --- 107 14 France . . . . . . . . . 81 49 2,727 1,132 Switzerland . . . . . . . --- --- 1,357 1,693 United Kingdom . . . . . 1,188 242 35,001 5,564
U.S. Imports for Consumption: December 1998 and 1998 Year-to-Date Subheading 300210: ANTISERA AND OTHER BLOOD FRACTIONS, AND MODIFIED IMMUNOLOGICAL PRODUCTS
3002.10.0010: HUMAN BLOOD PLASMA U.S. Imports for Consumption: December 1998 and 1998 Year-to-Date (Customs Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilograms)
<--- Dec 1998 --- <--- 1998 YTD --- Country Quantity Value Quantity Value
=================================================================
WORLD TOTAL . . . . . . . 25,740 1,827 270,357 20,476 Belgium . . . . . . . . . 14 8 145 60 France . . . . . . . . . --- --- 134 60 Netherlands . . . . . . . --- --- 11 5 Switzerland . . . . . . . 10,462 597 86,101 5,894 United Kingdom . . . . . --- --- 335 62 3002.10.0020: NORMAL HUMAN BLOOD SERA, WHETHER OR NOT FREEZE-DRIED U.S. Imports for Consumption: December 1998 and 1998 Year-to-Date (Customs Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilograms) <--- Dec 1998 --- <--- 1998 YTD --- Country Quantity Value Quantity Value
=================================================================
WORLD TOTAL . . . . . . . 1,039 817 19,056 22,678 Austria . . . . . . . . . --- --- 9,194 18,707 Belgium . . . . . . . . . --- --- 22 15 Netherlands . . . . . . . 353 2 6,733 41 Switzerland . . . . . . . 374 218 1,084 440 United Kingdom . . . . . --- --- 1 4 3002.10.0030: HUMAN IMMUNE BLOOD SERA U.S. Imports for Consumption: December 1998 and 1998 Year-to-Date (Customs Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilograms) <--- Dec 1998 --- <--- 1998 YTD --- Country Quantity Value Quantity Value ================================================================= WORLD TOTAL . . . . . . . 1,926 461 14,484 3,563 ... United Kingdom . . . . . 2 8 464 192 3002.10.0040: FETAL BOVINE SERUM (FBS) U.S. Imports for Consumption: December 1998 and 1998 Year-to-Date (Customs Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilograms) <--- Dec 1998 --- <--- 1998 YTD --- Country Quantity Value Quantity Value ================================================================= WORLD TOTAL . . . . . . . 2,727 233 131,486 8,502 ... Belgium . . . . . . . . . --- --- 17 32 United Kingdom . . . . . 329 82 743 756 3002.10.0090: OTHER BLOOD FRACTIONS NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED OR INCLUDED U.S. Imports for Consumption: December 1998 and 1998 Year-to-Date (Customs Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilograms) <--- Dec 1998 --- <--- 1998 YTD --- Country Quantity Value Quantity Value ================================================================= WORLD TOTAL . . . . . . . 88,467 27,343 944,412 309,947 ... United Kingdom . . . . . 1,887 2,300 26,823 23,585 ===================================================================
http://www.ita.doc.gov/industry/otea/Trade-Detail/Latest-December/Imports/30/300290.html
U.S. Imports for Consumption: December 1998 and 1998 Year-to-Date
Subheading 300290: HUMAN BLOOD; ANIMAL BLOOD PREPARED FOR THERAPEUTIC, ETC. USES; TOXINS, CULTURES OF MICRO-ORGANISMS (EXCLUDING YEASTS) AND SIMILAR PRODUCTS NESOI
<--- Dec 1998 --- <--- 1998 YTD --- Country Quantity Value Quantity Value ================================================================= WORLD TOTAL . . . . . . . 36,178 643 250,982 11,604 ... United Kingdom . . . . . 584 39 11,292 588
http://www.ita.doc.gov/industry/otea/Trade-Detail/Latest-Month/Imports/05/051199.html
U.S. Imports for Consumption: March 1999 and 1999 Year-to-Date
Subheading 051199: ANIMAL PRODUCTS, NESOI; DEAD HORSES AND OTHER EQUINE ANIMALS, BOVINE ANIMALS, SHEEP, GOATS AND POULTRY, UNFIT FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION, NESOI
0511.99.2000: PARINGS AND SIMILAR WASTE OF RAW HIDES OR SKINS; GLUE STOCK, NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED OR INCLUDED U.S. Imports for Consumption: March 1999 and 1999 Year-to-Date (Customs Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilograms)
0511.99.4024: DAIRY CATTLE EMBRYOS U.S. Imports for Consumption: March 1999 and 1999 Year-to-Date (Customs Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Number)
<--- Mar 1999 --- <--- 1999 YTD --- Country Quantity Value Quantity Value ================================================================= WORLD TOTAL . . . . . . . --- --- 53 16 Canada . . . . . . . . . --- --- 9 3 France . . . . . . . . . --- --- 44 13 0511.99.4050: ANIMAL PRODUCTS NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED OR INCLUDED; DEAD ANIMALS OF CHAPTER 1, UNFIT FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION U.S. Imports for Consumption: March 1999 and 1999 Year-to-Date (Customs Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilograms) <--- Mar 1999 --- <--- 1999 YTD --- Country Quantity Value Quantity Value ================================================================= WORLD TOTAL . . . . . . . 718,476 2,313 2,206,867 4,739 Belgium . . . . . . . . . --- --- 13 18 France . . . . . . . . . 1,088 14 1,489 20 United Kingdom . . . . . 11 3 38 9
http://www.ita.doc.gov/industry/otea/Trade-Detail/Latest-December/Imports/30/300220.html
U.S. Imports for Consumption: December 1998 and 1998 Year-to-Date
Subheading 300220: VACCINES FOR HUMAN MEDICINE
3002.20.0000: VACCINES FOR HUMAN MEDICINE U.S. Imports for Consumption: December 1998 and 1998 Year-to-Date (Customs Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilograms)
<--- Dec 1998 --- <--- 1998 YTD --- Country Quantity Value Quantity Value ================================================================= WORLD TOTAL . . . . . . . 25,702 26,150 550,258 378,735 Belgium . . . . . . . . . 14,311 12,029 248,041 199,036 France . . . . . . . . . 3,902 4,859 87,879 92,845 Switzerland . . . . . . . 716 353 9,303 4,271 United Kingdom . . . . . 4,075 1,172 162,960 47,148 ==================================================================
http://www.ita.doc.gov/industry/otea/Trade-Detail/Latest-December/Imports/30/300230.html
U.S. Imports for Consumption: December 1998 and 1998 Year-to-Date
Subheading 300230: VACCINES FOR VETRINARY MEDICINE
List of (6-digit) Subheadings in this (2-digit) Chapter Next (6-Digit) Subheading ... Descending ... Ascending
Latest Monthly Data
Switch from U.S. Imports to U.S. Exports
About These Trade Data Tables
3002.30.0000: VACCINES FOR VETRINARY MEDICINE U.S. Imports for Consumption: December 1998 and 1998 Year-to-Date (Customs Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilograms)
<--- Dec 1998 --- <--- 1998 YTD --- Country Quantity Value Quantity Value ================================================================= WORLD TOTAL . . . . . . . 6,528 237 87,149 2,715 Canada . . . . . . . . . --- --- 2,637 305 Federal Rep. of Germany --- --- 104 5 Netherlands . . . . . . . 138 64 472 192 New Zealand . . . . . . . 6,390 173 83,882 1,895 United Kingdom . . . . . --- --- 54 318 =================================================================
http://www.ita.doc.gov/industry/otea/Trade-Detail/Latest-December/Imports/30/300610.html
U.S. Imports for Consumption: December 1998 and 1998 Year-to-Date
Subheading 300610: STERILE SURGICAL CATGUT, SIMILAR STERILE SUTURE MATERIALS AND STERILE TISSUE ADHESIVES FOR SURGICAL WOUND CLOSURE; STERILE HAEMOSTATICS, ETC.
3006.10.0000: STERILE SURGICAL CATGUT, SIMILAR STERILE SUTURE MATERIALS AND STERILETISSUE ADHESIVES FOR SURGICAL WOUND CLOSURE; AND SIMILAR STERILE MATERIAL U.S. Imports for Consumption: December 1998 and 1998 Year-to-Date (Customs Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilograms)
Belgium . . . . . . . . . --- --- 107 14 Federal Rep. of Germany 1,795 356 16,878 3,741 France . . . . . . . . . 81 49 2,727 1,132
Subject: Re: exports from the U.K. of it's MBM to U.S.??? Date: Tue, 8 Feb 2000 14:03:16 +0000 From: mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000288/!x-usc:mailto:S.J.Pearsall@esg.maff.gsi.gov.uk To: mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000288/!x-usc:mailto:flounder@wt.net (Receipt Notification Requested) (Non Receipt Notification Requested)
Terry meat and bonemeal is not specifically classified for overseas trade purposes. The nearest equivalent is listed as "flours and meals of meat or offals (including tankage), unfit for human consumption; greaves". UK exports of this to the US are listed below:
Country Tonnes 1980 1981 12 1982 1983 1984 10 1985 2 1986 1987 1988 1989 20 1990
Subject: Re: Imports of MBM or Ruminants to the U.S. from foreign Countries with the potential risk of BSE... Date: Tue, 28 Dec 1999 17:19:15 -0500 From: Linda Detwiler To: mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000288/!x-usc:mailto:flounder@wt.net (Receipt Notification Requested)
I have attached the file ibov96.txt containing all of the bovine imports for 1996.
Subject: [Fwd: IMPORTED UK AND NETHERLANDS BEEF?] -Reply Date: Thu, 3 Sep 1998 6:54:00 -0400 From: Linda Detwiler To: mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000288/!x-usc:mailto:flounder@wt.net (Receipt Notification Requested)
I will check on this as I had not heard about the UK. The Netherlands would not have suprised me as they did not have a case until March 1997. ... now my question would be, how many of these animals that fed on MBM's from these countries, were imported to the United States, via 3rd country routes??? i will give you that answer below...TSS
Marva Thompson Foreign Trade Reference Room 202/482-2185
"The U.S. is apparently still importing beef, pork, sheep, and lamb from countries in which BSE is found [this is probably completely legal under regulations applicable at time of import-- webmaster]:
Bovine anmls bnlss ex prcssd frozen/U.S. Imports for Consumption 1997 year to date (custom value, in thousands of dollars) (units of quantity: kilograms)
United Kingdom 37,122 kilograms, 43 thousand dollars Netherlands 56,260 kilograms, 413 thousand dollars Canada 18,141,481 kilograms, 23,914 million dollars
Livers of bovine animals, edible, frozen. U.S. Imports for consumption
Netherlands 19,230 kilograms, 25 thousand dollars Canada 160,632 kilograms, 147 thousand dollars
Tongues of bovine animals, edible, frozen U.S. Imports for consumption
Netherlands 1,047 kilograms, 4 thousand dollars Canada 767,859 kilograms, 2,028 million
Hi-qulty beef cuts w/bone in prcssd f/c u.S. Imports for consumption
Canada 25,332 kilograms, 37 thousand dollars
Beef cuts w/bone in excpt prcdssd fr/ch u.S. Imports for consumption
Netherlands 5,276 kilograms, 30 thousand dollars Canada 117,142 kilograms, 353 thousand dollars
Meat bovine anmls cuts w/bone ex prrocssd fr us imports for consumption
Netherlands 51,836 kilograms, 444 thousand dollars Canada 120,955,010 kilograms, 253,199 million
Cattle hides, whole, fresh or wet-salt u.S. Imports for consumption
Belgium 1,270 pieces, 112 thousand dollars United kingdom 36 pieces, 3 thousand dollars Ireland 12,797 pieces, 839 thousand dollars Italy 50 pieces, 10 thousand dollars Fr germany 2,500 pieces, 36 thousand dollars Canada 1,405,430 pieces, 67,320 million dollars
Hides/skins bovine anmls nesoi whole frh/wet-saltd u.S. Imports for consumption
United kingdom 13 pieces, 1 thousand dollars Italy 4 pieces, 4 thousand dollars Germany 9,455 pieces, 139 thousand dollars Canada 567,816 pieces, 17,196 million dollars
Cattle hides, whole, fresh or wet-salted u.S. Imports for consumption
1998 year to date Italy 7 pieces, 2 thousand dollars Ireland 1,408 pieces, 85 thousand dollars France 25 pieces 2 thousand dollars Canada 965,355 pieces, 37,244 million dollars
Hides and skins of bovine animals, whole, nesoi, fresh or wet-salted U.S. Imports for consumption
United kingdom 18 pieces, 3 thousand dollars Sweden 1 pieces, 1 thousand dollars Italy 2 pieces, 2 thousand dollars Germany 5,565 pieces, 72 thousand dollars Canada 84,327 pieces, 2,257 million dollars
Sheep, lamb skins, no wool, nesoi, pickled not split, u.S. Imports for Consumption
United kingdom 9,504 pieces, 88 thousand dollars Sheep, lamb skins, no wool, nesoi, pickled, split u.S. Imports for Consumption
United Kingdom 149,580 pieces, 1,212 million dollars Netherlands 50,400 pieces, 267 thousand dollars Italy 4,175 pieces, 64 thousand dollars France 13,644 pieces, 57 thousand dollars Canada 131,642 pieces, 241 thousand dollars
Flawed inspection of food is a danger, senate panel told 9-11-98 Knight Rider Tribune News
The government's current system to check food imports for possible health dangers is dangerously flawed, experts in the food business told a Senate subcommittee Thursday. U.S. inspectors check only 2 percent of all foreign shipments and consistently issue low penalties to importers who break the rules, experts said. Unscrupulous importers typically import large amounts of products that will not pass (Food and Drug Administration) inspection, said a former West Coast customs broker.
He said importers easily bypass inspections by docking at high-volume ports, such as Los Angeles-Long Beach and New York, where the inspection force is stretched thin. Inspections are so low there they virtually pass right through.
Subject: MBM/U.K. imports of MBM to the U.S./BSE Inquiry http://www.bse.org.uk/dfa/dfa25.htm Date:Mon, 10 Apr 2000 15:14:21 -0700 From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr." To: mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000288/!x-usc:mailto:flounder@wt.net
69. On 14 February 1990, Mr Meldrum wrote a letter to the Chief Veterinary Officers of a number of countries. [76] On 15 February 1990, Mrs Attridge and other officials were sent a copy of the letter of 14 February 1990 and a list of the countries to which it had been sent. They were stated to be the countries which had imported ruminant based meat and bone meal from the United Kingdom. The countries listed were Norway; Sweden, Switzerland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Nigeria, Thailand, South Africa, Malaysia, Taiwan, Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Canada, USA, Turkey, Kenya, Malta, Libera, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Puerto Rico, Curacao, Finland.[77] The letter from Mr Meldrum included the following: Although we have kept the Office Internationale des Epizooties (OIE) fully informed about this new disease, and they will shortly be disseminating information and recommendations to member countries, I am writing to you on a personal basis to ensure that you are aware of all the developments in relation to BSE, including its likely cause. The majority of our findings have now been published in the Veterinary Record.?[78] 70. On 20 February 1990, Dr Pickles wrote to Ms Verity (APS/CMO). Dr Pickles? minute included the following: 1. Mr Meldrum is arguing that MAFF have already taken all the necessary and responsible steps to warn importing countries of the BSE dangers in UK meat and bone meal. Yet the action taken so far overseas suggest the message has not got through, or where it has this has been late. The first nation that woke up to the danger did so a year after our own feed ban. It seems even now several EC countries neither ban our imports or the general feeding of ruminant protein. It also seems the OIE and CVO have yet to inform the rest of the world. 2. I do not see how this can be claimed to be responsible?. We do not need an expert group of the Scientific Veterinary Committee to tell us British meat and bone meal is unsafe for ruminants. I fail to understand why this cannot be tackled from the British end which seems to be the only sure way of doing it, preferably by banning exports. As CMO says in his letter of 3 January surely it is short sighted for us to risk being seen in future as having been responsible for the introduction of BSE to the food chain in other countries.??[79]
http://www.mad-cow.org/00/jul00_dont_eat_sheep.html#hhh
The documents below were provided by Terry S. Singeltary Sr on 8 May 2000. They are optically character read (scanned into computer) and so may contain typos and unreadable parts.
TIP740203/l 0424 CONFIDENTIAL
http://www.mad-cow.org/00/may00_news.html#aaa
5.3.3 The greatest risk, in theory, would be from parenteral injection of material derived from bovine brain or lymphoid tissue. Medicinal products for injection or surgical implantation which are prepared from bovine tissues, or which utilise bovine serum albumin or similar agents in their manufacture, might also be capable of transmitting infectious agents. All medicinal products are licensed under the Medicines Act by the Licensing Authority following guidance, for example from the Committee on Safety of Medicines (CSM), the Committee on Dental and Surgical Materials (CDSM) and their subcommittees. The Licensing Authority have been alerted to potential concern about BSE in medicinal products and will ensure that scrutiny of source materials and manufacturing processes now takes account of BSE agent.
http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/ib/ibd1/tab02.pdf
BEFORE the BSE Inquiry went online, i was requesting the daily hearings and submissions, and they were sending them to me via air mail. then, when the BSE Inquiry finally went online, i was then able to go back and match up some of what i had with the YB numbers (above), with the official documents. ...TSS
BSE offals used in cosmetics, toiletry and perfume industry Sun, 3 Sep 2000. Unpublished Inquiry documents obtained by CJD activist Terry S. Singeltary Sr. of Bacliff, Texas Miss Marion Kelly Cosmetic, Toiletry and Perfumery Association 35 Dover Street London W1X3RA
Department of Trade and Industry 10-18 Victoria Street London SW1H ONN Enquiries 01-215 5000 Telex 8811074 DTHQ G 01 215 3324 1 February 1990
http://www.mad-cow.org/00/sep00_news.html#bbb
http://bseinquiry.blogspot.com/2008/05/mad-cow-disease-bse-cjd-children.html
>>>ITEM 3 – CURRENT ISSUES 8. SEAC was informed about the following issues: • A mother and son in Spain had died of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD). This is the first recorded instance of more than one case of vCJD within one family. As both the mother and son lived in a region of Spain with a history of BSE, had frequently shared meals of cattle brain, and as no other risk factor has been identified, it seems most likely that both infections were acquired from dietary exposure. Furthermore, the similar times of onset of disease of the cases did not suggest transmission had occurred from one to the other...
http://www.seac.gov.uk/papers/102-1.pdf <<<
GREETINGS ! NOW that the USA is doing the same thing the U.K. did, i.e. exporting there TSE tainted product into commerce, and thanks to GW, USDA, OIE et al, it's legal now, but since the poor mother and son that died from nvCJD from eating there favorite food 'cow brain', let's look at some of the countries now getting USDA certified mad cow brains ; bovine brain is used in Mexican food, specifically Jan. 7--The Mexican menu at Taqueria El Rodeo so authentic that you'll find cesos de res - cow brains -- on the meat list, right between tongue and headcheese.
http://www.allbusiness.com/food-beverage/restaurants-food-service/10251896-1.html
A fried-brain sandwich is generally a sandwich with sliced calves' brains on sliced bread. Thinly sliced fried slabs on white toast became a ubiquitous menu item in St. Louis, Missouri, after the rise of the city's stockyards in the late 1880s, although demand there has so dwindled that only a handful of eateries still offer them. But they remain popular in the Ohio River valley, where they are served heavily battered on hamburger buns. In Evansville, Indiana, it is not uncommon to find them on many restaurant menus and they are a major seller at the annual Fall Festival. Evansville is a city located in Vanderburgh County, Indiana. ... An Italian sandwich. ... Beef brains and calf or veal (juvenile beef) brains are used in certain types of ethnic cooking, such as French cuisine and Mexican cuisine (known as sesos in Spanish), often seen in tacos and burritos. ... Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults. ... Frying is the cooking of food with cooking oil as the heat transfer medium. ... This page is about the food toast, for other meanings, see Toast (disambiguation). ... Nickname: Gateway City, Gateway to the West, or Mound City Location in the state of Missouri Coordinates: Country United States State Missouri County Independent City Mayor Francis G. Slay (D) Area - City 66. ... // Development and commercial production of electric lighting Development and commercial production of gasoline-powered automobile by Karl Benz, Gottlieb Daimler and Maybach First commercial production and sales of phonographs and phonograph recordings. ... The Ohio River is the largest tributary by volume of the Mississippi River. ... Hamburgers often contain lettuce, onions, and other toppings, as shown here. ... Nickname: River City Location in the state of Indiana Country United States State Indiana County Vanderburgh Mayor Jonathan Weinzapfel Area - City 105. ...
CNN Cow brain sandwiches still on the menu. Associated Press, January 16, 2004.
http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Brain-sandwiches
Where in Mexico City are you going to stay? And what type of food? Obviously mexican food (any region) is great but you will be surprised with the quality of french, spanish, italian and steak houses. There are thousands of restaurant all around the city and its suburbs. I am familiar with the south part of Mexico City. Assuming that you are more interested in mexican food San Angel Inn is a great place for food and ambiance. I used to get the "sesos a la mantequilla negra" {cow brain cooked in black butter} that was before the boom of cattle CNS viral infections. The dish is similar to sweetbreads. I still order it if they have it on the menu.
For great "cocina poblana" Las Cazuelas de la abuela located in a strip mall in San Jeronimo. The "sopa de medula" (spinal cord soup) is to die for. Also try the chalupitas and the "enchiladas de leche" (milk enchiladas); pretty much anything on the menu is tasty and not expensive.
http://forums.winespectator.com/eve/forums/a/tpc/f/958106983/m/186107164
Subject: What if TSEs are in USA cattle herds? (EXPORTS OF USA BOVINE BRAINS/SWEATBREADS) From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr." <mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000288/!x-usc:mailto:flounder@WT.NET> Reply-To: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy <mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000288/!x-usc:mailto:BSE-L@UNI-KARLSRUHE.DE> Date: Wed, 14 Nov 2001 15:39:04 -0800 Content-Type: text/plain Parts/Attachments: text/plain (244 lines)
######## Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy <mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000288/!x-usc:mailto:BSE-L@UNI-KARLSRUHE.DE> #########
U.S. Trade Quick-Reference Tables: August 2001 Exports
Subheading 020629: OFFAL OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, NESOI, FROZEN
snip...
0206.29.0030: BRAINS OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FROZEN
U.S. Domestic Exports: August 2001 and 2001 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilograms)
August 2001 2001, through August Quantity Value Quantity
Value WORLD TOTAL 23,052 35
125,160
192 Federal Rep. of Germany 0
3,962
4 Mexico 15,147 28
103,611
170 Norway 7,905 8
7,905
8 Singapore 0
9,682
10
0206.29.0040: SWEATBREADS OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FROZEN
U.S. Domestic Exports: August 2001 and 2001 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilograms)
August 2001 2001, through August Quantity Value Quantity
Value WORLD TOTAL 616,391 749
1,563,588
2,079 Argentina 148,806 242
969,496
1,328 Colombia 24,037 16
24,037
16 Japan 22,045 49
75,946
186 Mexico 410,663 427
481,956
523 Singapore 0
633
6 United Arab Emirates 0
680
6 Venezuela 10,840 14
10,840
14
snip...
http://www.ita.doc.gov/td/industry/otea/Trade-Detail/Latest-Month/Exports/02/020629.html
Subject: USDA December 2006 Exports POTENTIAL MAD COW BOVINE BRAINS, HEARTS, KIDNEYS, SWEATBREADS, LIPS, OFFAL, TONGUES, AND MORE From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr." <mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000288/!x-usc:mailto:flounder9@VERIZON.NET> Reply-To: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy <mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000288/!x-usc:mailto:BSE-L@LISTS.AEGEE.ORG> Date: Fri, 15 Dec 2006 16:04:43 -0600 Content-Type: text/plain Parts/Attachments: text/plain (1173 lines)
Subject: USDA December 2006 Exports POTENTIAL MAD COW BOVINE BRAINS, HEARTS, KIDNEYS, SWEATBREADS, LIPS, OFFAL, TONGUES, AND MORE
Date: December 15, 2006 at 1:27 pm PST Greetings,
i thought it might be a good time at the end of 2006 and compare what country, if any, would still be foolish enough to import potentially certified USDA MAD COW BRAINS FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION. last time i looked this up was in 2004 and was shocked at the countries still doing this. seems the USDA et al would gladly poison any third world country that is willing to take this BSe, but only two take them now i.e. Gabon and the Ivory Coast are still accepting USDA certified potentially mad cow brains for human consumption. a sad day when they know that these brains could very likely contain the TSE agent, but yet still export them to other countries. sadly, the USA is no better than the UK when in came/comes to knowingly exporting there BSE/TSE. just gotta love that BSE MRR policy of GWs and the OIE, the legal trading of all strains of TSE globally. ...TSS
0206290030: BRAINS OF BOVINES, EDIBLE, FROZEN
U.S. Domestic Exports: 2006 and 2006 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram)
January February March April May June July August September October Through October Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 0 0 0 0 48,988 27 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48,988 27 Gabon 0 0 0 0 24,494 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,494 14 Ivory Coast 0 0 0 0 24,494 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,494 14
Source: Foreign Trade Division, U.S. Census Bureau. Prepared by the Office of Trade and Industry Information (OTII), International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce.
http://hq-tpisweb.ita.doc.gov/portal/page/portal/rptsforms/p_hsyrly2?p_year=2006&p_hs=0206290030&p_flow=''exports''&p_endmth=''October''&p_table=ita.hs_mthytd_expdom_ts2006
THAT compared to 2004 USDA EXPORT OF POTENTIAL MAD COW BRAINS ;
0206290030: BRAINS OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FROZEN U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2004 and 2004 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram) December 2004 2004, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value
.World 37,727 33 363,222 344
Mexico 37,727 33 338,475 326 Romania 0 0 24,747 19
http://ita.doc.gov/ td/ industry/ otea/ Trade-Detail/ Latest-Month/ Exports/ 02/ 020629.html
0206290040: SWEATBREADS OF BOVINES, EDIBLE, FROZEN
U.S. Domestic Exports: 2006 and 2006 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram) January February March April May June July August September October Through October Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 1,837 3 0 0 0 0 17,690 40 55,641 74 19,264 34 0 0 5,739 7 32,760 43 0 0 132,931 200 Bahamas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,739 7 0 0 0 0 5,739 7 Dominican Republic 1,837 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,837 3 Mexico 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,690 40 55,641 74 19,264 34 0 0 0 0 32,760 43 0 0 125,355 191
Source: Foreign Trade Division, U.S. Census Bureau. Prepared by the Office of Trade and Industry Information (OTII), International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce.
http://hq-tpisweb.ita.doc.gov/portal/page/portal/rptsforms/p_hsyrly2?p_year=2006&p_hs=0206290040&p_flow=''exports''&p_endmth=''October''&p_table=ita.hs_mthytd_expdom_ts2006
0206210000: TONGUES OF BOVINES, EDIBLE, FROZEN
U.S. Domestic Exports: 2006 and 2006 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram) January February March April May June July August September October Through October Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 743,244 2,712 770,499 2,661 689,994 1,924 576,134 1,357 898,542 1,947 1,105,844 2,649 490,803 1,325 658,963 1,893 789,509 2,330 657,647 1,858 7,381,179 20,656 Belgium 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,000 20 8,723 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,723 45 Bulgaria 0 0 0 0 19,156 70 23,492 64 47,091 127 23,357 62 22,902 38 24,295 72 81,698 240 0 0 241,991 672 Colombia 0 0 0 0 0 0 300 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 300 3 Costa Rica 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,415 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,415 60 Germany 0 0 305 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 305 3 Greece 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,414 10 22,936 37 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 26,350 47 Honduras 1,470 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,504 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,974 19 Hong Kong 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50,294 118 50,294 118 Japan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 595 9 0 0 0 0 595 9 Latvia 0 0 0 0 0 0 73,454 165 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 73,454 165 Mexico 741,774 2,706 770,194 2,658 670,838 1,854 410,277 978 839,314 1,785 1,058,200 2,546 463,397 1,274 634,073 1,813 707,811 2,090 606,366 1,737 6,902,244 19,442 Netherlands 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,196 67 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,196 67 Philippines 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,351 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 987 3 2,338 6
Source: Foreign Trade Division, U.S. Census Bureau. Prepared by the Office of Trade and Industry Information (OTII), International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce.
http://hq-tpisweb.ita.doc.gov/portal/page/portal/rptsforms/p_hsyrly2?p_year=2006&p_hs=0206210000&p_flow=''exports''&p_endmth=''October''&p_table=ita.hs_mthytd_expdom_ts2006
0206290010: HEARTS OF BOVINES, EDIBLE, FROZEN
U.S. Domestic Exports: 2006 and 2006 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram) January February March April May June July August September October Through October Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 767,425 589 516,379 411 838,340 690 365,331 269 223,401 138 273,330 194 655,828 503 516,732 308 857,063 528 1,023,945 660 6,037,774 4,290 Angola 54,449 41 54,431 45 54,430 46 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 27,215 26 190,525 157 China 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 57,420 36 0 0 0 0 0 0 57,420 36 Costa Rica 0 0 9,525 10 9,607 7 0 0 0 0 9,525 9 15,431 15 0 0 9,525 11 0 0 53,613 53 Egypt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,111 12 19,051 12 37,162 24 Korea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 39,468 34 12,208 18 51,676 52 Mexico 712,976 548 452,423 356 765,222 629 356,250 260 214,320 129 181,242 108 452,360 322 502,186 291 772,136 450 953,124 589 5,362,239 3,683 Nicaragua 0 0 0 0 9,081 8 9,081 9 9,081 8 9,081 8 0 0 0 0 17,823 21 0 0 54,147 54 Peru 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 73,482 68 130,617 130 14,546 17 0 0 12,347 15 230,992 230
Source: Foreign Trade Division, U.S. Census Bureau. Prepared by the Office of Trade and Industry Information (OTII), International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce.
http://hq-tpisweb.ita.doc.gov/portal/page/portal/rptsforms/p_hsyrly2?p_year=2006&p_hs=0206290010&p_flow=''exports''&p_endmth=''October''&p_table=ita.hs_mthytd_expdom_ts2006
0206220000: LIVERS OF BOVINES, EDIBLE, FROZEN
U.S. Domestic Exports: 2006 and 2006 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram) January February March April May June July August September October Through October Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 7,728,862 9,464 7,263,710 8,918 6,170,310 6,943 8,429,810 9,979 8,536,550 8,231 9,634,156 9,271 10,820,962 10,020 8,225,706 7,977 7,758,088 7,180 9,663,403 8,489 84,231,557 86,473 Angola 70,761 27 270,847 239 136,213 119 784,365 538 497,820 383 381,219 312 574,363 481 279,872 237 810,888 680 659,739 571 4,466,087 3,587 Armenia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 46,000 50 0 0 0 0 46,000 50 Bahamas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,336 3 0 0 0 0 5,443 4 0 0 0 0 6,779 7 Bahrain 0 0 0 0 18,152 7 25,322 19 36,640 28 23,660 19 85,656 56 22,410 10 34,100 23 41,300 61 287,240 223 Canada 29,101 87 31,124 89 43,858 119 37,887 93 11,218 25 48,868 57 23,171 38 51,570 60 79,836 79 136,436 121 493,069 768 Congo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 46,000 46 0 0 94,988 96 23,000 25 0 0 0 0 163,988 167 Costa Rica 41,347 34 28,572 26 28,572 28 13,265 15 18,152 25 9,321 10 6,552 7 0 0 48,843 51 19,849 18 214,473 212 Cuba 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 47,829 26 47,829 26 Dominican Republic 3,484 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,484 3 Ecuador 0 0 4,721 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,040 3 8,761 7 Egypt 4,774,076 7,024 4,028,075 6,211 4,077,426 5,168 5,723,286 7,831 6,563,392 6,827 7,789,768 7,906 9,444,848 8,902 6,984,806 6,997 5,795,342 5,569 8,082,712 7,166 63,263,731 69,601 France 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,437 7 0 0 0 0 9,437 7 Gabon 0 0 0 0 0 0 26,331 10 0 0 4,876 3 11,143 8 24,494 25 0 0 0 0 66,844 46 Greece 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,310 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,310 7 Guinea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,506 18 24,506 18 Honduras 168,233 138 82,904 92 28,561 16 18,294 13 24,439 17 6,751 5 29,294 19 27,831 19 37,645 27 19,066 19 443,018 364 Iraq 319,719 233 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 54,210 41 0 0 373,929 273 Ivory Coast 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,610 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,610 8 Jamaica 69,308 36 109,377 58 36,638 19 124,772 60 44,521 28 83,587 54 35,525 23 38,997 27 28,208 20 128,114 84 699,047 409 Jordan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,123 9 0 0 13,123 9 Korea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,616 16 0 0 0 0 51,270 44 12,240 17 87,126 77 Kuwait 49,898 39 0 0 48,995 37 0 0 99,668 78 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 198,561 155 Malaysia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 46,310 21 0 0 47,764 80 94,074 101 Mexico 412,895 277 368,053 200 421,650 269 374,343 193 537,381 351 614,174 428 246,284 191 380,638 259 208,595 150 289,508 187 3,853,521 2,506 Netherlands 78,000 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 78,000 75 Nicaragua 18,943 15 18,807 15 41,651 33 43,216 32 34,563 26 47,199 35 0 0 36,595 26 18,883 20 38,375 31 298,232 233 Peru 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 263,209 167 29,806 19 77,603 57 193,669 161 87,431 67 651,718 470 Poland 1,593,796 1,306 2,216,196 1,896 1,174,658 957 926,766 899 444,095 266 24,494 25 24,944 23 47,494 50 70,000 75 0 0 6,522,443 5,498 Republic of South Africa 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,348 36 0 0 0 0 10,945 8 0 0 0 0 24,494 21 60,787 65 Russia 0 0 0 0 0 0 150,869 82 0 0 108,903 99 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 259,772 181 Saudi Arabia 99,301 171 54,803 52 40,951 109 106,412 140 163,955 118 128,905 92 178,020 134 100,206 80 234,490 170 0 0 1,107,043 1,066 Senegal 0 0 0 0 49,389 18 0 0 13,370 9 13,353 9 0 0 0 0 12,349 9 0 0 88,461 45 Sierra Leone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,000 22 0 0 24,000 22 Singapore 0 0 25,737 10 0 0 25,724 9 0 0 0 0 13,113 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 64,574 29 Spain 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,000 23 0 0 0 0 23,000 23 United Arab Emirates 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 42,637 31 0 0 42,637 31 United Kingdom 0 0 24,494 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,494 25 Vietnam 0 0 0 0 23,596 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,596 45 Zaire 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 62,253 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 62,253 33
Source: Foreign Trade Division, U.S. Census Bureau. Prepared by the Office of Trade and Industry Information (OTII), International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce.
http://hq-tpisweb.ita.doc.gov/portal/page/portal/rptsforms/p_hsyrly2?p_year=2006&p_hs=0206220000&p_flow=''exports''&p_endmth=''October''&p_table=ita.hs_mthytd_expdom_ts2006
0206100000: OFFAL OF BOVINES, EDIBLE, FRESH OR CHILLED
U.S. Domestic Exports: 2006 and 2006 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram)
January February March April May June July August September October Through October Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 151,702 598 142,843 727 276,270 896 188,421 543 362,729 970 116,820 472 185,245 638 297,623 832 271,498 640 178,816 637 2,171,967 6,953 Anguilla 0 0 0 0 87 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 87 3 Bahamas 0 0 1,273 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,273 3 Bahrain 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Canada 21,379 15 0 0 46,853 71 18,452 17 171,620 279 9,451 15 29,694 46 139,002 222 206,428 318 64,805 103 707,684 1,086 China 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,704 66 9,206 31 0 0 28,910 97 Hong Kong 28,166 136 14,490 21 27,855 41 17,875 27 0 0 0 0 6,759 23 0 0 0 0 0 0 95,145 248 Japan 550 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,132 14 0 0 0 0 4,682 22 Mexico 78,027 424 127,080 702 201,475 781 152,094 499 191,109 691 107,369 457 148,792 569 125,593 480 55,864 292 114,011 535 1,301,414 5,430 Philippines 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,192 50 0 0 0 0 9,192 50 Singapore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 United Kingdom 23,580 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,580 15
Source: Foreign Trade Division, U.S. Census Bureau. Prepared by the Office of Trade and Industry Information (OTII), International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce.
http://hq-tpisweb.ita.doc.gov/portal/page/portal/rptsforms/p_hsyrly2?p_year=2006&p_hs=0206100000&p_flow=''exports''&p_endmth=''October''&p_table=ita.hs_mthytd_expdom_ts2006
0206290090: OFFAL OF BOVINES, EDIBLE, FROZEN, NESOI
U.S. Domestic Exports: 2006 and 2006 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram) January February March April May June July August September October Through October Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 3,317,168 4,027 3,016,529 4,700 3,438,524 5,024 3,193,299 3,613 2,833,026 4,158 1,968,683 2,972 1,368,243 2,201 1,437,708 2,335 1,481,508 2,677 1,627,962 2,664 23,682,650 34,371 Albania 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,390 47 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,390 47 Angola 2,025 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,310 30 21,501 34 14,590 27 1,361 4 59,787 99 Antigua Barbuda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,255 31 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,402 4 16,657 35 Barbados 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,644 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,644 15 Belgium 0 0 0 0 24,494 25 24,494 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,494 25 24,000 25 48,988 50 146,470 150 Bulgaria 0 0 23,596 23 0 0 0 0 16,568 25 16,568 25 8,284 12 0 0 47,655 39 24,494 21 137,165 145 Canada 855,976 567 614,312 449 831,285 574 1,080,210 670 502,611 611 395,999 547 217,288 315 390,223 591 480,802 813 332,017 472 5,700,723 5,611 Congo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,610 23 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,610 23 Cyprus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,494 25 0 0 0 0 24,494 25 Ecuador 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 28,046 39 28,046 39 Egypt 690,000 875 320,000 500 146,964 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,156,964 1,525 Gabon 47,220 46 70,830 69 48,988 50 165,270 161 94,440 92 73,288 75 24,494 25 71,894 71 70,610 73 24,000 23 691,034 685 Germany 0 0 24,494 25 24,420 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48,914 50 Greece 0 0 0 0 24,426 21 48,988 24 24,734 38 25,350 38 0 0 0 0 47,628 40 48,988 43 220,114 204 Guatemala 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,143 12 7,143 12 Guyana 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,578 13 13,578 13 Honduras 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,051 18 19,051 18 0 0 0 0 38,102 37 Hong Kong 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 43,143 65 43,143 65 Italy 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 552 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 552 4 Ivory Coast 285,088 280 188,880 184 192,416 192 118,050 115 330,430 324 94,440 92 94,440 92 213,702 204 48,104 44 165,882 174 1,731,432 1,701 Jamaica 210 4 55,425 97 63,179 87 56,267 29 80,773 123 32,838 58 0 0 10,458 16 18,824 86 9,531 14 327,505 515 Japan 182,627 287 148,426 227 207,558 336 147,611 209 278,269 378 163,490 213 145,112 189 72,775 95 13,874 21 0 0 1,359,742 1,956 Korea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,035 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,035 35 Macao 0 0 47,163 119 92,937 218 70,740 168 47,170 87 23,586 58 70,753 168 0 0 0 0 0 0 352,349 819 Mali 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,610 23 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,494 25 48,104 48 Mexico 863,030 1,567 1,364,663 2,785 1,620,522 3,099 1,199,058 1,899 1,264,144 2,124 980,786 1,661 661,690 1,223 570,222 1,241 700,452 1,477 782,876 1,616 10,007,443 18,693 Nicaragua 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,804 18 18,804 18 Philippines 0 0 0 0 4,556 24 0 0 0 0 23,587 21 0 0 0 0 14,969 31 23,496 35 66,608 112 Poland 367,410 375 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 367,410 375 St Lucia 0 0 0 0 4,870 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,870 12 Taiwan 23,582 23 0 0 5,764 23 10,966 44 10,613 43 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50,925 133 Trinidad and Tobago 0 0 40,771 23 78,583 59 43,543 17 9,050 14 22,706 18 6,526 10 18,894 15 0 0 22,829 17 242,902 171 United Arab Emirates 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,879 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,890 21 16,769 33 Vietnam 0 0 117,969 197 67,562 129 214,579 224 118,772 205 92,435 143 75,905 72 0 0 0 0 0 0 687,222 969
Source: Foreign Trade Division, U.S. Census Bureau. Prepared by the Office of Trade and Industry Information (OTII), International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce.
http://hq-tpisweb.ita.doc.gov/portal/page/portal/rptsforms/p_hsyrly2?p_year=2006&p_hs=0206290090&p_flow=''exports''&p_endmth=''October''&p_table=ita.hs_mthytd_expdom_ts2006
TSS
Subject: USA December 2004 Exports BOVINE STATS BRAINS, HEARTS, KIDNEYS, SWEATBREADS, LIPS, OFFAL, TONGUES, AND MORE Date: Mon, 25 Apr 2005 16:21:28 -0500 From: “Terry S. Singeltary Sr.” Reply-To: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000288/!x-usc:mailto:-L@LISTS.UNI-KARLSRUHE.DE> To: mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000288/!x-usc:mailto:BSE-L@LISTS.UNI-KARLSRUHE.DE ##################### Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy #####################
0206290030: BRAINS OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FROZEN
U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2004 and 2004 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram) December 2004 2004, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 37,727 33 363,222 344 Mexico 37,727 33 338,475 326 Romania 0 0 24,747 19
0206290010: HEARTS OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FROZEN
U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2004 and 2004 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram) December 2004 2004, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 581,872 418 7,564,955 5,685 Angola 0 0 211,527 46 Cambodia (Kampuchea) 0 0 22,682 60 China 0 0 49,887 36 Colombia 0 0 22,657 28 Gabon 0 0 24,947 11 Hong Kong 0 0 24,494 45 Indonesia 400,639 261 4,420,683 2,747 Italy 0 0 24,494 20 Korea 0 0 124,089 71 Mexico 181,233 157 2,494,078 2,517 Poland 0 0 47,359 20 Russia 0 0 98,058 85
0206290020: KIDNEYS OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FROZEN
U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2004 and 2004 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram)
December 2004 2004, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 303,293 175 3,009,780 1,684 Angola 0 0 60,075 15 Bahamas 0 0 11,431 8 Cayman Islands 0 0 4,450 10 China 0 0 48,988 26 Gabon 48,200 15 489,329 206 Hong Kong 0 0 48,988 26 Indonesia 0 0 47,174 17 Ivory Coast 188,414 96 1,694,772 959 Jamaica 10,546 5 78,933 37 Mexico 56,133 59 203,788 204 Moldova 0 0 295,091 166 Romania 0 0 26,761 10
0206290040: SWEATBREADS OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FROZEN
U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2004 and 2004 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram) December 2004 2004, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 0 0 95,209 83 Bulgaria 0 0 25,243 22 Ghana 0 0 0 0 Mexico 0 0 69,859 58 Netherlands 0 0 107 4
0206290050: LIPS OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FROZEN
U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2004 and 2004 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram) December 2004 2004, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 1,389,825 2,709 7,355,294 13,917 Bahamas 0 0 40,000 5 Mexico 1,386,800 2,706 7,293,673 13,895 Montserrat 0 0 18,596 15 Namibia 3,025 3 3,025 3
0206290090: OFFAL OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, NESOI, FROZEN
U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2004 and 2004 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram) December 2004 2004, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 2,386,597 2,913 22,701,393 25,320 Antigua Barbuda 2,141 6 3,162 11 Argentina 590 4 1,044 7 Aruba 1,000 4 1,476 10 Bahamas 0 0 117,929 184 Bulgaria 0 0 315,543 301 Canada 337,392 255 3,544,821 3,347 Cayman Islands 0 0 5,350 21 China 0 0 22,185 37 Colombia 0 0 24,127 36 Cyprus 0 0 25,052 20 Denmark 0 0 46,416 25 Dominican Republic 0 0 24,086 16 Egypt 0 0 145 3 Gabon 96,208 92 316,411 271 Germany 0 0 2,545,197 554 Greece 0 0 190,564 146 Guatemala 0 0 117,362 197 Haiti 0 0 13,125 25
Haiti 0 0 13,125 25 Honduras 23,940 34 23,940 34 Hong Kong 0 0 48,343 130 Indonesia 7,470 9 640,472 249 Italy 0 0 47,849 38 Ivory Coast 192,410 184 1,133,273 1,012 Jamaica 80,703 54 124,514 86 Japan 25,094 53 432,608 2,659 Korea 0 0 23,596 25 Malaysia 97,997 48 457,516 203 Mexico 1,376,419 1,977 9,425,957 13,261 Netherlands 20,229 20 245,555 129 New Zealand 0 0 0 0 Panama 23,399 44 161,425 117 Philippines 0 0 22,184 39 Poland 0 0 805,355 477 Romania 48,988 33 1,294,879 1,191 Senegal 0 0 52,909 103 Singapore 0 0 728 3 Spain 0 0 202 4 St Christopher-Nevis 0 0 1,020 3 St Lucia 0 0 5,313 8 Switzerland 0 0 6,506 35 Taiwan 46,920 86 97,268 127 Trinidad and Tobago 0 0 38,102 84 Turks and Caicos Islands 5,697 9 6,082 13 United Kingdom 0 0 291,303 76 Uruguay 0 0 499 4
http://ita.doc.gov/ td/ industry/ otea/ Trade-Detail/ Latest-Month/ Exports/ 02/ 020629.html
0206100000: OFFAL OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FRESH OR CHILLED
U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2004 and 2004 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram) December 2004 2004, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 149,260 308 1,312,166 2,933 Bahamas 2,174 3 6,710 6 Canada 15,265 14 115,659 129 Cayman Islands 0 0 1,312 5 China 48,988 44 48,988 44 Egypt 0 0 27,654 81 Gabon 0 0 97,462 80 Hong Kong 0 0 48,988 30 Indonesia 0 0 38,000 33 Ivory Coast 0 0 127,000 108 Kuwait 0 0 12,487 36 Mexico 82,833 247 667,881 2,070 Philippines 0 0 26,797 88 Taiwan 0 0 43,544 30 Turks and Caicos Islands 0 0 1,907 3 United Arab Emirates 0 0 47,777 190
http://ita.doc.gov/ td/ industry/ otea/ Trade-Detail/ Latest-Month/ Exports/ 02/ 020610.html
0206210000: TONGUES OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FROZEN
U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2004 and 2004 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram) December 2004 2004, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 432,185 755 3,479,807 6,127 Bangladesh 23,623 38 47,380 77 Honduras 15,163 28 17,105 31 Hong Kong 0 0 47,151 86 Indonesia 0 0 83,245 193 Japan 0 0 25,697 57 Kazakhstan 0 0 145,001 175 Mexico 368,562 638 3,046,441 5,384 Nicaragua 6,537 13 6,537 13 Philippines 18,300 38 61,250 111
http://ita.doc.gov/ td/ industry/ otea/ Trade-Detail/ Latest-Month/ Exports/ 02/ 020621.html
0206220000: LIVERS OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FROZEN
U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2004 and 2004 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram) December 2004 2004, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 5,712,394 4,115 55,278,021 38,020 Albania 0 0 74,863 45 Angola 24,677 22 888,634 430 Antigua Barbuda 2,682 3 5,111 5 Azerbaijan 97,471 45 633,575 324 Bahamas 1,836 3 10,561 8 Belarus 0 0 355,818 130 Belgium 488,886 295 2,998,386 1,265 Bulgaria 0 0 355,234 310 Canada 18,416 49 372,057 910 Dominican Republic 0 0 13,599 7 Ecuador 0 0 8,378 5 France 0 0 92,361 29 Georgia 0 0 243,876 170 Germany 609,187 323 2,104,312 908 Greece 0 0 149,205 87 Guatemala 0 0 19,962 11 Honduras 65,432 30 196,264 104 India 0 0 67,491 55 Indonesia 769,971 1,139 4,495,414 7,077 Iraq 0 0 48,984 21 Italy 0 0 9,002 12 Ivory Coast 0 0 24,701 8 Jamaica 170,782 137 170,782 137 Kazakhstan 0 0 868,130 762 Korea 0 0 23,593 17 Kuwait 0 0 1,560 7 Latvia 0 0 577,885 166 Liberia 0 0 24,950 16 Liechtenstein 0 0 24,369 11 Lithuania 0 0 996,660 552 Madagascar 0 0 24,494 10 Mali 0 0 49,211 40 Mexico 264,561 131 5,094,330 5,868 Moldova 249,107 125 2,743,394 1,314 Mozambique 0 0 24,093 17 Netherlands 0 0 49,520 26 Nicaragua 31,131 19 48,335 25 Philippines 24,504 14 97,948 156 Poland 1,553,201 953 23,262,526 13,113 Romania 0 0 199,072 121 Russia 0 0 544,267 225 Saudi Arabia 70,805 88 243,230 381 Senegal 0 0 285,311 302 Turkey 884,029 496 1,733,636 881 Ukraine 0 0 244,559 132 United Kingdom 362,446 235 4,709,748 1,792 Venezuela 0 0 45,360 19 Zaire 23,270 9 23,270 9
http://ita.doc.gov/ td/ industry/ otea/ Trade-Detail/ Latest-Month/ Exports/ 02/ 020622.html
0201203550: MEAT OF BOVINE ANIMALS, NESOI, CUTS WITH BONE IN, PROCESSED, FRESH OR CHILLED
U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2004 and 2004 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram) December 2004 2004, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 293,718 1,252 703,296 2,552 Anguilla 0 0 11,482 35 Aruba 0 0 4,775 24 Bahamas 19,416 50 247,589 684 Barbados 0 0 14,377 33 Bermuda 0 0 1,361 3 Cayman Islands 0 0 13,502 48 Colombia 244,578 738 244,578 738 France 6,242 368 6,700 400 Germany 1,564 48 1,564 48 Guatemala 21,918 49 21,918 49 Honduras 0 0 19,051 24 Hong Kong 0 0 14,618 76 Indonesia 0 0 1,008 3 Italy 0 0 750 6 Korea 0 0 6,023 35 Marshall Islands 0 0 37,817 121 Mexico 0 0 20,347 21 Netherlands Antilles 0 0 449 8 St Lucia 0 0 436 4 Suriname 0 0 240 4 Switzerland 0 0 2,402 81 Trinidad and Tobago 0 0 6,047 18 Turks and Caicos Islands 0 0 26,262 90
0201206000: MEAT OF BOVINE ANIMALS, CUTS WITH BONE IN, EXCEPT PROCESSED, FRESH ORCHILLED
U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2004 and 2004 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram) December 2004 2004, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 86,480 824 698,955 4,793 Antigua Barbuda 0 0 410 6 Bahamas 10,521 27 60,334 200 Bahrain 0 0 3,721 11 Canada 39,462 342 472,538 3,481 Chile 0 0 9,694 29 Dominican Republic 0 0 28,327 37 French Polynesia 0 0 1,596 10 Greece 0 0 2,825 16 Honduras 0 0 9,887 20 Japan 0 0 0 0 Mexico 0 0 9,189 28 Netherlands Antilles 478 8 4,250 44 Philippines 0 0 393 3 Saudi Arabia 1,053 15 22,470 102 St Lucia 0 0 372 3 Svalbard, Jan Mayen Island 34,064 430 57,812 715 Trinidad and Tobago 0 0 6,258 59 Turks and Caicos Islands 902 3 8,879 29
http://ita.doc.gov/ td/ industry/ otea/ Trade-Detail/ Latest-Month/ Exports/ 02/ 020120.html
Greetings,
I find it very disturbing that the USA is exporting all these products all over the globe without proper testing for BSE/TSE. I wonder if the consumer in these countries know what they are getting?
WHO is to say that some of these nvCJD cases are not from imported USA product?
TSS
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0206.29.0030: BRAINS OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FROZEN
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U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2003 and 2003 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilograms) December 2003 2003, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value WORLD TOTAL 57,279 56 192,198 225 Ivory Coast 0 0 24,971 8 Mexico 57,279 56 161,158 211 Sweden 0 0 6,069 6
0206.29.0040: SWEATBREADS OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FROZEN
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U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2003 and 2003 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilograms) December 2003 2003, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value WORLD TOTAL 48,735 69 581,306 689 Bahamas 0 0 4,551 5 Hong Kong 0 0 48,988 15 Japan 0 0 18,629 51 Mexico 48,735 69 507,453 611 Switzerland 0 0 1,685 6
0206.29.0050: LIPS OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FROZEN
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U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2003 and 2003 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilograms) December 2003 2003, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value WORLD TOTAL 620,626 1,393 16,539,594 23,262 Hong Kong 0 0 23,587 8 Mexico 620,626 1,393 16,513,038 23,245 Taiwan 0 0 2,969 10
0206.29.0090: OFFAL OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, NESOI, FROZEN
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U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2003 and 2003 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilograms) December 2003 2003, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value WORLD TOTAL 8,464,956 16,117 118,262,413 197,532 Argentina 1,497 9 1,497 9 Australia 6,103 6 72,627 71 Bahamas 0 0 25,367 55 Barbados 0 0 1,282 6 Belgium 0 0 718,837 142 Bulgaria 0 0 328,698 261 Burkina 0 0 23,496 21 Canada 304,064 276 8,137,388 6,048 China 734,212 1,750 7,554,286 16,429 Colombia 0 0 109,398 141 Costa Rica 0 0 53,911 37 Denmark 0 0 8,327 33 Dominican Republic 19,578 168 112,192 767 Egypt 0 0 167,000 96 Federal Rep. of Germany 104,016 21 2,266,317 583 Gabon 24,494 16 339,168 177 Greece 23,610 26 47,220 51 Guatemala 0 0 200,509 233 Guyana 0 0 11,555 12 Hong Kong 339,453 704 4,490,896 7,651 Indonesia 104,013 108 1,231,976 666 Israel 0 0 119,230 121 Ivory Coast 0 0 1,429,316 876 Jamaica 79,203 73 780,910 696 Japan 2,614,703 7,006 29,370,030 78,245 Jordan 0 0 72,709 390 Korea, South 1,084,495 2,217 19,825,887 37,280 Macedonia (Skopje) 0 0 143,699 51 Malaysia 0 0 24,776 10 Mexico 2,463,516 2,922 30,710,290 37,936 Netherlands 0 0 38,512 65 Nicaragua 0 0 9,411 11 Panama 0 0 480,391 472 Peru 0 0 47,135 29 Philippines 37,875 15 216,218 116 Poland 47,175 36 954,552 532 Romania 0 0 991,737 765 Russia 368,385 325 3,490,349 2,441 Singapore 0 0 5,307 15 St Lucia 2,442 3 10,896 14 Sweden 0 0 46,200 45 Taiwan 106,122 436 1,601,333 3,327 Turks and Caicos Islands 0 0 8,536 14 United Arab Emirates 0 0 27,439 130 United Kingdom 0 0 1,842,710 369 Uruguay 0 0 112,893 95
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http://www.ita.doc.gov/td/industry/otea/Trade-Detail/Latest-December/Exports/02/020629.html
0206.21.0000: TONGUES OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FROZEN
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U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2003 and 2003 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilograms) December 2003 2003, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value WORLD TOTAL 1,377,073 7,372 27,349,941 105,661 Canada 0 0 5,159 7 China 66,968 208 675,449 1,382 Costa Rica 0 0 6,567 18 Hong Kong 121,237 431 2,176,415 3,917 Indonesia 24,957 13 39,957 17 Japan 920,049 5,943 17,255,240 83,562 Korea, South 89,412 404 2,435,561 8,129 Malaysia 0 0 23,596 10 Mexico 45,264 126 1,258,740 3,282 Poland 0 0 23,596 14 Russia 51,472 49 3,083,619 3,942 Taiwan 57,714 198 354,691 1,260 Vietnam 0 0 11,351 121
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Source: Foreign Trade Division , U.S. Census Bureau. Presented by: Office of Trade and Economic Analysis (OTEA), International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce.
http://www.ita.doc.gov/td/industry/otea/Trade-Detail/Latest-December/Exports/02/020621.html
0206.29.0010: HEARTS OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FROZEN
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U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2003 and 2003 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilograms) December 2003 2003, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value WORLD TOTAL 1,180,635 1,038 17,267,397 12,630 Angola 0 0 47,849 31 China 0 0 97,868 41 Colombia 0 0 355,787 379 Costa Rica 0 0 4,816 4 El Salvador 4,545 4 4,545 4 Greece 0 0 15,000 6 Guatemala 0 0 19,051 18 Honduras 0 0 9,780 8 Hong Kong 45,347 110 454,574 862 Indonesia 597,243 459 8,098,035 4,681 Ivory Coast 0 0 27,216 8 Japan 0 0 19,835 20 Korea, South 49,890 50 213,036 213 Lithuania 0 0 55,194 31 Mexico 280,421 234 2,664,118 2,384 Netherlands 0 0 108,698 61 Peru 0 0 452,116 458 Russia 203,189 181 4,528,474 3,280 Saudi Arabia 0 0 3,293 6 Singapore 0 0 44,906 21 Switzerland 0 0 8,010 8 United Arab Emirates 0 0 135 3 United Kingdom 0 0 35,061 105
0206.29.0020: KIDNEYS OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FROZEN
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U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2003 and 2003 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilograms) December 2003 2003, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value WORLD TOTAL 330,004 231 3,566,918 1,818 China 49,424 26 141,576 64 Gabon 0 0 49,437 28 Greece 0 0 966 6 Indonesia 0 0 23,610 15 Ivory Coast 49,891 25 1,699,427 704 Jamaica 115,626 67 875,874 436 Mexico 115,063 113 521,638 465 Russia 0 0 115,377 70 Saudi Arabia 0 0 1,660 3 South Africa 0 0 111,960 18 Thailand 0 0 25,393 10
http://www.ita.doc.gov/td/industry/otea/Trade-Detail/Latest-December/Exports/02/020629.html
Audit Report
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Surveillance Program - Phase II
and
Food Safety and Inspection Service
Controls Over BSE Sampling, Specified Risk Materials, and Advanced Meat Recovery Products - Phase III
Report No. 50601-10-KC January 2006
Finding 2 Inherent Challenges in Identifying and Testing High-Risk Cattle Still Remain
Our prior report identified a number of inherent problems in identifying and testing high-risk cattle. We reported that the challenges in identifying the universe of high-risk cattle, as well as the need to design procedures to obtain an appropriate representation of samples, was critical to the success of the BSE surveillance program. The surveillance program was designed to target nonambulatory cattle, cattle showing signs of CNS disease (including cattle testing negative for rabies), cattle showing signs not inconsistent with BSE, and dead cattle. Although APHIS designed procedures to ensure FSIS condemned cattle were sampled and made a concerted effort for outreach to obtain targeted samples, industry practices not considered in the design of the surveillance program reduced assurance that targeted animals were tested for BSE.
USDA/OIG-A/50601-10-KC Page 27
observe these animals ante mortem when possible to assure the animals from the target population are ultimately sampled and the clinical signs evaluated.
snip...
http://www.usda.gov/oig/webdocs/50601-10-KC.pdf
In this context, a word is in order about the US testing program. After the discovery of the first (imported) cow in 2003, the magnitude of testing was much increased, reaching a level of >400,000 tests in 2005 (Figure 4). Neither of the 2 more recently indigenously infected older animals with nonspecific clinical features would have been detected without such testing, and neither would have been identified as atypical without confirmatory Western blots. Despite these facts, surveillance has now been decimated to 40,000 annual tests (USDA news release no. 0255.06, July 20, 2006) and invites the accusation that the United States will never know the true status of its involvement with BSE.
In short, a great deal of further work will need to be done before the phenotypic features and prevalence of atypical BSE are understood. More than a single strain may have been present from the beginning of the epidemic, but this possibility has been overlooked by virtue of the absence of widespread Western blot confirmatory testing of positive screening test results; or these new phenotypes may be found, at least in part, to result from infections at an older age by a typical BSE agent, rather than neonatal infections with new "strains" of BSE. Neither alternative has yet been investigated.
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol12no12/06-0965.htm
CDC DR. PAUL BROWN TSE EXPERT COMMENTS 2006
The U.S. Department of Agriculture was quick to assure the public earlier this week that the third case of mad cow disease did not pose a risk to them, but what federal officials have not acknowledged is that this latest case indicates the deadly disease has been circulating in U.S. herds for at least a decade.
The second case, which was detected last year in a Texas cow and which USDA officials were reluctant to verify, was approximately 12 years old.
These two cases (the latest was detected in an Alabama cow) present a picture of the disease having been here for 10 years or so, since it is thought that cows usually contract the disease from contaminated feed they consume as calves. The concern is that humans can contract a fatal, incurable, brain-wasting illness from consuming beef products contaminated with the mad cow pathogen.
"The fact the Texas cow showed up fairly clearly implied the existence of other undetected cases," Dr. Paul Brown, former medical director of the National Institutes of Health's Laboratory for Central Nervous System Studies and an expert on mad cow-like diseases, told United Press International. "The question was, 'How many?' and we still can't answer that."
Brown, who is preparing a scientific paper based on the latest two mad cow cases to estimate the maximum number of infected cows that occurred in the United States, said he has "absolutely no confidence in USDA tests before one year ago" because of the agency's reluctance to retest the Texas cow that initially tested positive.
USDA officials finally retested the cow and confirmed it was infected seven months later, but only at the insistence of the agency's inspector general.
"Everything they did on the Texas cow makes everything USDA did before 2005 suspect," Brown said. ...snip...end
http://www.upi.com/
CDC - Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy and Variant Creutzfeldt ... Dr. Paul Brown is Senior Research Scientist in the Laboratory of Central Nervous System ... Address for correspondence: Paul Brown, Building 36, Room 4A-05, ...
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol7no1/brown.htm
PAUL BROWN COMMENT TO ME ON THIS ISSUE
Tuesday, September 12, 2006 11:10 AM
"Actually, Terry, I have been critical of the USDA handling of the mad cow issue for some years, and with Linda Detwiler and others sent lengthy detailed critiques and recommendations to both the USDA and the Canadian Food Agency."
http://lists.ifas.ufl.edu/cgi-bin/wa.exe?A2=ind0703&L=sanet-mg&T=0&P=8125
Progress Report from the National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center
An Update from Stephen M. Sergay, MB, BCh & Pierluigi Gambetti, MD
April 3, 2008
The importance to public health in the U.S. of timely diagnosis and monitoring of human prion diseases is unquestionable. Here are some compelling reasons for this:
Prion surveillance in cattle has been reduced by 90% (from about 470,000 to 40,000 in the U.S. in 2007 out of about 35 million cattle slaughtered). Termination of human prion surveillance would therefore remove the second line of surveillance, thereby eliminating prion surveillance in the U.S. entirely. This development would be extremely worrisome in view of recent reports that precautions to limit the spread of the prion infectious agent may not have been followed in some slaughter houses in the U.S. Cattle affected with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) continue to be discovered in Canada, which has more rigorous BSE surveillance than the U.S. At the same time, Canada imposes few limitations in the trade of potentially prion-infectious cattle with the U.S.
Atypical forms of BSE have emerged which, although rare, appear to be more virulent than the classical BSE that causes vCJD.
http://www.aan.com/news/?event=read&article_id=4397&page=72.45.45
National Veterinary Services Laboratory (NVSL) Immunohistochemistry (IHC) Testing Summary
The BSE enhanced surveillance program involves the use of a rapid screening test, followed by confirmatory testing for any samples that come back \"inconclusive.\" The weekly summary below captures all rapid tests conducted as part of the enhanced surveillance effort. It should be noted that since the enhanced surveillance program began, USDA has also conducted approximately 9,200 routine IHC tests on samples that did not first undergo rapid testing. This was done to ensure that samples inappropriate for the rapid screen test were still tested, and also to monitor and improve upon IHC testing protocols. ...
http://www.aphis.usda.gov/lpa/issues/bse_testing/test_results.html
full text ;
http://usdavskorea.blogspot.com/2008/06/oie-recognition-of-bse-status-of.html
""These 9,200 cases were different because brain tissue samples were preserved with formalin, which makes them suitable for only one type of test--immunohistochemistry, or IHC."
THIS WAS DONE FOR A REASON!
THE IHC test has been proven to be the LEAST LIKELY to detect BSE/TSE in the bovine, and these were probably from the most high risk cattle pool, the ones the USDA et al, SHOULD have been testing. ...TSS
USDA 2003
We have to be careful that we don't get so set in the way we do things that we forget to look for different emerging variations of disease. We've gotten away from collecting the whole brain in our systems. We're using the brain stem and we're looking in only one area. In Norway, they were doing a project and looking at cases of Scrapie, and they found this where they did not find lesions or PRP in the area of the obex. They found it in the cerebellum and the cerebrum. It's a good lesson for us. Ames had to go back and change the procedure for looking at Scrapie samples. In the USDA, we had routinely looked at all the sections of the brain, and then we got away from it. They've recently gone back. Dr. Keller: Tissues are routinely tested, based on which tissue provides an 'official' test result as recognized by APHIS.
Dr. Detwiler: That's on the slaughter. But on the clinical cases, aren't they still asking for the brain? But even on the slaughter, they're looking only at the brainstem. We may be missing certain things if we confine ourselves to one area.
snip.............
Dr. Detwiler: It seems a good idea, but I'm not aware of it. Another important thing to get across to the public is that the negatives do not guarantee absence of infectivity. The animal could be early in the disease and the incubation period. Even sample collection is so important. If you're not collecting the right area of the brain in sheep, or if collecting lymphoreticular tissue, and you don't get a good biopsy, you could miss the area with the PRP in it and come up with a negative test. There's a new, unusual form of Scrapie that's been detected in Norway. We have to be careful that we don't get so set in the way we do things that we forget to look for different emerging variations of disease. We've gotten away from collecting the whole brain in our systems. We're using the brain stem and we're looking in only one area. In Norway, they were doing a project and looking at cases of Scrapie, and they found this where they did not find lesions or PRP in the area of the obex. They found it in the cerebellum and the cerebrum. It's a good lesson for us. Ames had to go back and change the procedure for looking at Scrapie samples. In the USDA, we had routinely looked at all the sections of the brain, and then we got away from it. They've recently gone back.
Dr. Keller: Tissues are routinely tested, based on which tissue provides an 'official' test result as recognized by APHIS .
Dr. Detwiler: That's on the slaughter. But on the clinical cases, aren't they still asking for the brain? But even on the slaughter, they're looking only at the brainstem. We may be missing certain things if we confine ourselves to one area.
snip...
FULL TEXT;
Completely Edited Version PRION ROUNDTABLE
Accomplished this day, Wednesday, December 11, 2003, Denver, Colorado
=============================
Owner and Corporation Plead Guilty to Defrauding Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Surveillance Program
An Arizona meat processing company and its owner pled guilty in February 2007 to charges of theft of Government funds, mail fraud, and wire fraud. The owner and his company defrauded the BSE Surveillance Program when they falsified BSE Surveillance Data Collection Forms and then submitted payment requests to USDA for the services. In addition to the targeted sample population (those cattle that were more than 30 months old or had other risk factors for BSE), the owner submitted to USDA, or caused to be submitted, BSE obex (brain stem) samples from healthy USDA-inspected cattle. As a result, the owner fraudulently received approximately $390,000. Sentencing is scheduled for May 2007.
snip...
4 USDA OIG SEMIANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS FY 2007 1st Half
http://www.usda.gov/oig/webdocs/sarc070619.pdf
full text ;
http://foiamadsheepmadrivervalley.blogspot.com/2008/09/re-foia-of-declaration-of-extraordinary.html
STANLEY PRUSINER NOBEL PEACE PRIZE WINNER ON THE PRION
US AG SEC AND LAYCRAFT
"nothing matters, except beef from Canada under 30 months bone in beef product, that's ALL THAT MATTERS!"
US SENATOR AND STAN THE MAN SLAM USDA "DAMNING TESTIMONY"
Senator Michael Machado from California
"USDA does not know what's going on". "USDA is protecting the industry". " SHOULD the state of California step in"
Stanley Prusiner
"nobody has ever ask us to comment"
"they don't want us to comment"
"they never ask"
i tried to see Venemon, after Canadian cow was discovered with BSE. went to see lyle. after talking with him.
absolute ignorance.
then thought i should see Venemon.
it was clear his entire policy was to get cattle boneless beef prods across the border.
nothing else mattered.
his aids confirmed this.
5 times i tried to see Venemon, never worked.
eventually met with carl rove the political.
he is the one that arranged meeting with Venemon.
just trying to give you a sense of the distance.
threat to health public safety.
was never contacted.
yes i believe that prions are bad to eat and you can die from them.END
Dr. Stan bashing Ann Veneman - 3 minutes - Damning testimony
http://maddeer.org/video/embedded/08snip.ram
File Name: USDA DON'T ASK DON'T TELL POLICY 02snip.rpm
DAMNING testimony of consumer consumption of Washington mad cow in California
http://www.maddeer.org/video/embedded/02snip.rm
IN A NUT SHELL ;
(Adopted by the International Committee of the OIE on 23 May 2006)
11. Information published by the OIE is derived from appropriate declarations made by the official Veterinary Services of Member Countries.The OIE is not responsible for inaccurate publication of country disease status based on inaccurate information or changes in epidemiological status or other significant events that were not promptly reported to then Central Bureau............
http://www.oie.int/eng/Session2007/RF2006.pdf
full text ;
http://madcowtesting.blogspot.com/2007/10/bse-base-mad-cow-testing-texas-usa-and.html
http://madcowtesting.blogspot.com/
Sunday, February 15, 2009
Scientists warn of first ever case of human mad cow disease from blood plasma
http://vcjdtransfusion.blogspot.com/2009/02/scientists-warn-of-first-ever-case-of.html
Sunday, February 15, 2009
Scientists warn of first ever case of human mad cow disease from blood plasma
http://vcjdtransfusion.blogspot.com/2009/02/scientists-warn-of-first-ever-case-of.html
Thursday, January 29, 2009
Medical Procedures and Risk for Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, Japan, 1999-2008 (WARNING TO Neurosurgeons and Ophthalmologists) Volume 15, Number 2-February 2009 Research
http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2009/01/medical-procedures-and-risk-for.html
Monday, December 08, 2008
vCJD & dental treatment
http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2008/12/vcjd-dental-treatment.html
Tuesday, August 12, 2008
Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories Fifth Edition 2007 (occupational exposure to prion diseases)
http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2008/08/biosafety-in-microbiological-and.html
Thursday, November 27, 2008
Prion diseases are efficiently transmitted by blood transfusion in sheep
http://vcjdblood.blogspot.com/2008/11/prion-diseases-are-efficiently.html
November 25, 2008
Update On Feed Enforcement Activities To Limit The Spread Of BSE
http://madcowfeed.blogspot.com/2008/11/november-2008-update-on-feed.html
OIE amending the Annex to Decision 2007/453/EC establishing the BSE status of Member States or third countries or regions thereof according to their BSE risk
http://docket-aphis-2006-0041.blogspot.com/2009/01/oie-amending-annex-to-decision.html
Friday, October 24, 2008
CBER 2007 Annual Report Assessing the Potential Risk of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease from Blood Products
http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2008/10/cber-2007-annual-report-assessing.html
Saturday, August 02, 2008
WARNING OVER SECOND WAVE OF CJD CASES
http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2008/08/warning-over-second-wave-of-cjd-cases.html
Thursday, April 17, 2008
Use of Materials Derived From Cattle in Human Food and Cosmetics [Docket No. 2004N-0081] RIN 0910-AF47 [Federal Register: April 17, 2008 (Volume 73, Number 75)] [Rules and Regulations] [Page 20785-20794] From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov] [DOCID:fr17ap08-7]
http://cjdmadcowbaseoct2007.blogspot.com/2008/04/use-of-materials-derived-from-cattle-in.html
Saturday, January 24, 2009
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy h-BSE ATYPICAL USA 2008 Annual Report Research Project: Study of Atypical Bse
Location: Virus and Prion Diseases of Livestock
2008 Annual Report
Thursday, December 04, 2008 2:37 PM
"we have found that H-BSE can infect humans."
personal communication with Professor Kong. ...TSS
Terry S. Singeltary Sr. P.O. Box 42 Bacliff, Texas USA 77518
http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2009/01/bovine-spongiform-encephalopathy-h-bse.html
NOR-98 ATYPICAL SCRAPIE 5 cases documented in USA in 5 different states USA 007
http://nor-98.blogspot.com/2008/04/seac-spongiform-encephalopathy-advisory.html
Tuesday, June 3, 2008 SCRAPIE USA UPDATE JUNE 2008 NOR-98 REPORTED PA
http://nor-98.blogspot.com/2008/06/scrapie-usa-update-june-2008-nor-98.html
http://nor-98.blogspot.com/
Monday, February 09, 2009
Exotic Meats USA Announces Urgent Statewide Recall of Elk Tenderloin Because It May Contain Meat Derived From An Elk Confirmed To Have CWD
http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2009/02/exotic-meats-usa-announces-urgent.html
Monday, December 1, 2008
When Atypical Scrapie cross species barriers
http://nor-98.blogspot.com/2008/12/when-atypical-scrapie-cross-species.html
Saturday, January 24, 2009
Research Project: Detection of TSE Agents in Livestock, Wildlife, Agricultural Products, and the Environment Location: 2008 Annual Report
http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2009/01/research-project-detection-of-tse.html
Terry S. Singeltary Sr. P.O. Box 42 Bacliff, Texas USA 77518
http://seac992007.blogspot.com/
Agenda
102nd Meeting on Wednesday 4 March 2009
Room 808, Nobel House, 17 Smith Square, Defra, London SW1P 3JR
10.05 Approval of draft minutes from SEAC 101
snip...
ITEM 3 – CURRENT ISSUES 8. SEAC was informed about the following issues: • A mother and son in Spain had died of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD). This is the first recorded instance of more than one case of vCJD within one family. As both the mother and son lived in a region of Spain with a history of BSE, had frequently shared meals of cattle brain, and as no other risk factor has been identified, it seems most likely that both infections were acquired from dietary exposure. Furthermore, the similar times of onset of disease of the cases did not suggest transmission had occurred from one to the other.
snip...
21. A member asked if it was possible to translate the estimates of infectivity into a number of potential additional cases of vCJD. Dr Comer explained that such estimates would rely upon a number of assumptions where there would be large uncertainties, producing results with very large uncertainties. Human exposure expressed as bovine oral ID50 may be more easily understood, aiding decision making. A member noted that the possibility of human-to-human transmission made estimating the potential number of vCJD cases for a given level of dietary exposure to BSE more complex. Members agreed that it was important to communicate to consumers the reasons why such estimates are so difficult to make.
snip...
24. Dr Victor Del Rio Vilas (VLA) presented an overview of the study conducted between July 2005 and November 2007. The aim was to characterise cases of atypical scrapie, particularly with regard to their holdings of origin and to examine any association between variables related to the holdings and the occurrence of atypical scrapie. Forty case holdings and 119 control holdings were analysed. Data were collected from interviews with farmers with a questionnaire, producing 260 analytical variables. A statistical analysis of the data collected showed that a small number of variables, including certain animal feeds, were associated with an increase in the odds of atypical scrapie being present. Some variables appeared protective against atypical scrapie.
snip...
see full text ;
http://www.seac.gov.uk/papers/102-1.pdf
10.50
New results on idiopathic brainstem neuronal chromatolysis Dr M Jeffrey (VLA)
SEAC 102/2
NEW RESULTS ON IDIOPATHIC BRAINSTEM NEURONAL CHROMATOLYSIS FROM THE VETERINARY LABORATORIES AGENCY
ISSUE
1. The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) has asked SEAC to consider a research article (Annex A) entitled “Idiopathic Brainstem Neuronal Chromatolysis (IBNC): a novel prion protein related disorder of cattle?” produced by the Veterinary Laboratories Agency.
2. Martin Jeffrey, the lead author of the article, will be present at the meeting to present an overview and answer questions.
BACKGROUND
3. IBNC is a rare1 neurodegenerative disease of adult cattle. This disorder has some clinical similarity to BSE and was initially recognised from histological examination of cattle brains submitted as part of the UK surveillance for BSE diagnosis in 1989. However, the brains of IBNC-affected cattle have pathological features which are clearly different from those seen in BSE. Most cases have been detected in Scotland, but it is not known if this is a true distribution or primarily because Scottish scientists have examined BSE negative cases in more detail. The last reported case of IBNC in an animal presented as a BSE suspect was in 2005, in an animal born in 1992.
PREVIOUS CONSIDERATION BY SEAC
4. SEAC first considered IBNC at its 14th meeting (April 1993) and emphasised the importance of defining the new condition in detail with
1 Between the years 1988 and 1991 IBNC occurred in Scotland with an incidence of 7 cases per 100,000 beef suckler cattle over the age of 6 years (from Annex A).
transmission studies and PrP examination. The next discussion was at the 19th meeting (June 1995), when the committee reflected on results of transmission studies in mice (VM, RIII, C57 and C57xVM mice) from brains of two cattle with IBNC. Some mice had shown signs of TSE disease, but it was suggested this could have been due to low level BSE contamination of the samples. The committee recommended that further investigations should be carried out on isolates from brains of IBNC cases with removal of the brain and subsequent handling under conditions that would prevent contamination.
5. At the 49th meeting (March 1998) the committee considered a further IBNC transmission study in which the brain from an IBNC case was removed under aseptic conditions. The mouse strains challenged were RIII, VM, C57BL, C57BL x VM and IM. These experiments ran for between 577 and 631 days and no clinical signs of transmission were evident. The Committee stated2 it was content that, although little was known about IBNC, it did not constitute a health risk to man because suspect IBNC cases would be taken as BSE suspects or caught by the Over Thirty Months (OTM) Scheme.
6. Annex B contains the minutes of the discussions on IBNC at previous SEAC meetings.
NEW RESULTS
7. The research article “Idiopathic Brainstem Neuronal Chromatolysis (IBNC): a novel prion protein related disorder of cattle?” was published in September 2008. The cases studied concerned brains from cattle killed between 1993 and 2005 when they were between 5 and 15 years of age. All of the 15 cattle tested showed that the brains had abnormally accumulated prion protein.
8. Defra has asked that SEAC considers the VLA paper in order to confirm or revise its previous views on this disorder as:
This is the first time IBNC has been shown to be associated with abnormal expression or accumulation of the prion protein.
The previous transmission studies conducted in the 1990s were inconclusive and repeat studies are planned.
IBNC is thought to be rare but the exact prevalence of the disorder is unknown, as IBNC would not be picked up through the
2 At 49th SEAC meeting (9th March 1998), paragraph 52, see Annex B.
active surveillance programme for BSE which uses rapid post-mortem tests to detect proteinase-K resistant PrPSc.
9. Additionally, TSE controls on older cattle have changed since the previous SEAC advice in 1998. For example the OTM Scheme, which was in operation then, has now been replaced with testing of cattle slaughtered for human consumption aged over 48 months. Other controls remain, such as compulsory notification of suspected BSE, ante-mortem inspection, specified risk for cattle slaughtered for human consumption and a ban on cattle born or reared in UK before 1st August 1996 entering the food chain.
FUTURE RESEARCH
10. VLA are hoping to carry out further mouse transmission studies of IBNC cases as part of a larger project, on TSE molecular sciences, about which Defra is currently in advanced negotiations with VLA. If new cases of IBNC occur, it is planned that the brains from 2 cases of IBNC will be obtained and bioassayed in transgenic mouse lines, expressing bovine PrP or ovine PrP (PrP genotype AHQ), developed by the VLA.
ADVICE SOUGHT
11. The committee is asked to consider:
if the paper changes the previous opinion of SEAC in 1998?
if members have any comments on the further research planned?
SEAC SECRETARIAT
FEBRUARY 2009
ANNEX A
A copy of the paper “Idiopathic Brainstem Neuronal Chromatolysis (IBNC): a novel prion protein related disorder of cattle?”
ANNEX B
FROM MINUTES OF 14TH SEAC MEETING – 22 APRIL 1993
12. The Committee emphasised the importance of defining this new condition in detail with transmission studies and PrP examination (3 had already been examined for PrP, all negative). The total number of cases was now 50 with still only one in England.
FROM MINUTES OF 18TH SEAC MEETING – 10 FEBRUARY 1995
16. A Member told the Committee that no infectivity (by bioassay in mice) nor PrP had been found in the brains of idiopathic brainstem chromatolysis and hippocampal sclerosis cases. It is thought that the condition might be caused by a dietary deficiency, or some other metabolic disease.
FROM MINUTES OF 19TH SEAC MEETING – 21 JUNE 1995
29. A Member described the results of transmission studies in mice from brains of two cows with IBNC (paper SEAC 19/8). At the previous meeting of SEAC, and at the review of R&D, it had been announced that there was no clinical observation of a scrapie-like disease in mice: this information had proved to be incorrect for a number of reasons. Of the mice inoculated with brain tissue from the first cow, there had been mild transient clinical signs, one had shown equivocal lesions of SE but PrP studies had proved negative. From the second cow there were two definite cases of SE though the lesion distribution and incubation period were not the same as seen in mice inoculated with brain from BSE cases or any characterised strain of scrapie. The lesions in these two mice were PrP positive. There was no obvious evidence of any mix up though one possible area of cross-contamination was during the necropsy in the Perth VIC. More evidence would be needed and further transmission studies to validate the results and proposals were put forward for further study.
30. The Committee noted that the results were unusual. They questioned whether there could be coincidental BSE infection or contamination with scrapie. The Chair noted that the feeling of the Committee was that this did not represent a new agent but it was important to be prepared to say something publicly about these findings. A suggested line to take was that these were scientifically unpublishable results but in line with the policy of openness they would be made publicly available and further work done to test their validity. Since the BSE precautions were applied to IBNC cases, human health was protected. Further investigations should be carried out on isolations from brains of IBNC cases with removal of the brain and subsequent handling under strict conditions to avoid the risk of any contamination.
31. A Member informed the Committee that the CVO had informed the CMO about the IBNC results and the transmission from retina and he, like the Committee was satisfied that the controls already in place or proposed were adequate.
FROM MINUTES OF 42ND SEAC MEETING – 23 MAY 1997
62. The Committee were advised that the paper had been circulated for information, and that no further action was proposed until further results were available unless the Committee felt otherwise. The Committee noted the paper. FROM MINUTES OF 49TH SEAC MEETING – 9 MARCH 1998
52. The Committee had expressed concern last year that IBNC could be a transmissible disease. Mouse assays from cases had been undertaken and SEAC 49/8 was an update on information given to the Committee last year. The positive results obtained from the earlier transmission experiments were now thought probably to have been due to BSE strain 301V contamination in the laboratory. Consequently no firm conclusion could be drawn from them on whether IBNC is transmissible. The latest transmission study, had been running for between 577 and 631 days with no evidence of transmission to date. The Committee were informed that the IBNC cases had tested negative by immunohistochemistry. The Committee were content that, although little was known about IBNC, it did not constitute a health risk to man. Suspect IBNC cases would be taken as BSE suspects or caught by the Over Thirty Months Scheme.
http://www.seac.gov.uk/papers/102-2.pdf
12.00 DH risk assessment on sourcing and pooling plasma Dr S Dobra (DH)
SEAC 102/3 (PDF)
Annex (PDF)
SEAC 102/3
SEAC
Spongiform Encephalopathy Advisory Committee
Comparing the relative risk of vCJD transmission via single unit and pooled plasma from UK and non-UK sources. ISSUE
1. The Department of Health (DH) has asked SEAC to provide advice on a risk assessment methodology, for assessing the risks of using single unit plasma with respect to pooled plasma, from the UK or a range of non-UK source countries. The risk assessment is attached at annex 1.
RISK ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY
2. The DH risk assessment quantifies the risks to public health of pooled plasma under a number of different scenarios. The purpose of the risk assessment is to allow the potential vCJD risks of different plasma products to be quantified and compared to inform recommendations about their use. Firstly, it presents a comparison of the risk of single unit plasma with respect to pooled plasma of various pool sizes from the same source country. It then compares the relative risk of single unit plasma to pooled plasma (for various pool sizes) from a different source country. This is done on a scenario basis, using different assumed values for the risk reduction from sourcing from outside the UK.
3. Due to the uncertainty of a number of key parameters associated with vCJD, the risk assessment uses a scenario-based approach for two of the main parameters: vCJD prevalence in the UK donor population and the level of infectivity of blood. Under different infectivity and prevalence scenarios, it assesses the risk of transmission of vCJD via plasma in a pooled product, compared to the baseline risk of single unit UK plasma.
4. The paper also presents a methodology for estimating the relative vCJD prevalence of a source country with respect to the UK, through comparisons of vCJD and BSE incidence, adjusted to take into account their relative degrees of active and passive surveillance.
5. Finally, the paper compares the relative risk of single unit UK plasma to pooled plasma (for various pool sizes) that has been prion filtered.
© SEAC 2009
1
KEY ASSUMPTIONS USED IN THE DH RISK ASSESSMENT
6. The key assumptions used in the risk assessment are:
Two scenarios for the infectivity of whole blood are used for the purposes of this model: a 'low' scenario (0.1 ID/ml i.v. transmission) and a ‘high’ scenario (30 ID/ml i.v. transmission).
50% of the infectivity of whole blood is removed by leucodepletion and the remaining 50% of infectivity resides within the residual plasma.
Two scenarios for prevalence of vCJD in the UK are used: a 'low' scenario (1 in 20,000) and a ‘high’ scenario (1 in 4,000). In the absence of any further evidence, these will also be used for the UK donor population and applied irrespective of age or genotype.
The dose-response follows a Poisson distribution.
100% of the population is susceptible to infection and developing clinical symptoms of vCJD. The rationale for these assumptions is explained in the assessment.
PREVIOUS SEAC ADVICE
7. Previous SEAC advice on the pooling of blood, as well as the level, and distribution, of infectivity in blood is summarised in the risk assessment, which also includes the SEAC position statement on TSE infectivity in blood at Annex A. Other SEAC advice pertinent to consideration of the risk assessment on the geographical BSE risk categorisation and estimates of the prevalence of subclinical vCJD are given below.
8. SEAC provided advice on the sub-clinical prevalence of vCJD in its 2008 position statement on Prevalence of Subclinical variant Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease Infections 2. The statement concluded that it would be prudent to consider that the estimate provided by the Hilton et al study of 1 in 4,000, provides a reasonable, pragmatic and precautionary working scenario for the prevalence of subclinical infections.
9. SEAC has not previously provided advice on sourcing plasma from countries with known BSE risks. However, the committee provided advice on the Geographical BSE Risk (GBR) system for assessing sourcing risks as part of its discussion on medical implants containing bovine material, in February 2006. The committee considered that the GBR system gives a very imprecise indication of BSE risk. In relative terms, the BSE risk was likely to be lower in a GBR I country compared with a GBR III country, but the difference in risk cannot be quantified. In terms of a more robust risk analysis, the Committee considered that it is important to obtain a more reliable estimate of the prevalence of BSE in a country than simply GBR status, and to have confidence in the quality of the surveillance data. SEAC concluded that the GBR status of a country gives an imprecise indication of BSE risk and that it would be better to use an estimated prevalence of BSE in a country based on data from a robust surveillance system 3.
© SEAC 2009
2
ADVICE SOUGHT FROM SEAC
10. The Committee is asked to comment on:
whether the assumptions used in the risk assessment are reasonable; and
the appropriateness of the methodology of the risk assessment to quantify and compare the potential vCJD risk that may be associated with plasma products.
Notes
1. Position Statement on TSE Infectivity in Blood, July 2006,
http://www.seac.gov.uk/statements/statement0806.htm
2. Position Statement on Prevalence of Subclinical variant Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease Infections, August 2008,
http://www.seac.gov.uk/statements/statement0806.htm
3. Medical Implants Containing Bovine Material, SEAC 91, 24 February 2006.
© SEAC 2009
http://www.seac.gov.uk/papers/102-3.pdf
A comparison of the relative risk of vCJD transmission via single unit and pooled plasma from UK and non-UK sources
Sonya Crowe, Stephen Dobra and Jenny Ball, Health Protection Analytical Team, Department of Health
January 2009
PART I: BACKGROUND TO RISK ASSESSMENT
1. Introduction
This paper concerns the possible risk of person-to-person vCJD transmission via transfusion of Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP). We propose a risk assessment methodology to assess such risks for pooled and imported FFP products relative to the baseline risk associated with UK sourced single unit FFP. We also assess the implications of different assumptions for the reduction in infectivity due to the manufacturing process. An assessment of the claimed reductions in infectivity through processing is outside the scope of this paper. The risk assessment concentrates on four potential supply options of FFP:
1. UK-sourced single unit FFP (as a baseline)
2. Non-UK-sourced single unit FFP
3. Non-UK-sourced pooled FFP
4. Non-UK-sourced prion-reduced pooled FFP
The analysis presented in this paper is concerned only with vCJD transmission, but the sourcing of plasma has a wide range of other implications, from microbiological risk to clinical efficacy and safety.
snip...
1.2 Background to Part III: Risk assessment of country sourcing There remains considerable uncertainty about the underlying prevalence of vCJD in the UK population, and populations elsewhere in the world. However, it is important when considering the risk reduction of a policy such as importation of plasma that an estimate is made of the relative prevalence of the non-UK source country to that of the UK. This allows, as detailed in part II of this paper, an assessment of the risk reduction associated with sourcing single unit or pooled plasma from non-UK sources with respect to the baseline of single unit UK plasma.
We present a methodology for estimating the relative vCJD prevalence of a source country with respect to the UK, through comparisons of vCJD and BSE incidence, adjusted to take into account their relative degrees of active and passive surveillance. Again, we ask SEAC to asses the general methodology proposed.
snip...
see full text 50 pages ;
http://www.seac.gov.uk/papers/102-3annex.pdf
In the afternoon of the 4th of March 2009, SEAC will discuss unpublished research relating to the finding of abnormal prion protein at post mortem in the spleen of a person with haemophilia (as reported recently by the Health Protection Agency). This part of the meeting will be held in closed session to allow discussion of unpublished data. This is in accordance with the SEAC Code of Practice.
END...TSS
Wednesday, October 08, 2008 Idiopathic Brainstem Neuronal Chromatolysis (IBNC): a novel prion protein related disorder of cattle?
http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2008/10/idiopathic-brainstem-neuronal.html
40,000 human heart valves a year from BSE herds
http://www.mad-cow.org/00/sep00_news.html#hhh
Other US BSE risks: the imported products picture 24 Jul 00 Trade Statistics: UK to US Compiled by Terry S.Singeltary Sr of Bacliff, Texas
[Opinion (webmaster): The US has focused for years on tracing, containing, and eradicating live animal imports from the UK or other countries with acknowledged BSE like Belgium, including some 499 cattle and the Vermont sheep. This strategy does not acknowledge imports of rendered bovine products from England during the BSE period nor secondary products such as surgical catgut, which is to say surgical cowgut, or dairy cattle embryos, vaccines for veterinarian and human medicines. What has become of these? Mr. Singeltary, who lost his mother to CJD of unexplained origin a few years back and went on to became a well-known TSE activist, has tracked down voluminous pertinent import data through correspondence with UK officials and searches of government web sites. Imports of such products are frequently cited by Europeans in rating BSE risks in the US and in shutting out US exports.
Many people's eyes glaze over when reviewing reams of sometimes older trade statistics. There is no proof that any of the imported products was contaminated with BSE nor if so, any evidence that any BSE product lead to infection in US livestock, surgical patients, or what not. Nonetheless, the data obtained by Mr. Singeltary establish that an appalling variety and tonnage of products that were imported by the US from the UK and othr BSE-affected countries during the peak of the BSE epidemic years.]
10 January 1990 COMMERCIAL IN CONFIDENCE
NOT FOR PUBLICATION
COMMITTEE ON SAFETY OF MEDICINES WORKING PARTY ON BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY
2.1 At the first meeting of the Working Party on Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy on 6 September 1989, detailed consideration was given to XXXXX Surgical Catgut. This arose from the Company's response to the Letter to Licence Holders, indicating that the bovine small intestine source material was derived from UK cattle, unlike 8 other licenced catgut sutures. In contrast XXXXX Surgical Catgut was stated to hold over 90% share of the market for catgut sutures, and to constitute approximately 83% of all sutures used in U.K. IMPORTS OF SUTURES FROM THE KNOWN BSE COUNTRY;
3006.10.0000: STERILE SURGICAL CATGUT, SIMILAR STERILE SUTURE MATERIALS AND STERILETISSUE ADHESIVES FOR SURGICAL WOUND CLOSURE; AND SIMILAR STERILE MATERIAL U.S. Imports for Consumption: December 1998 and 1998 Year-to-Date (Customs Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilograms)
<--- Dec 1998 ---> <--- 1998 YTD ---> Country Quantity Value Quantity Value
=================================================================
WORLD TOTAL . . . . . . . 10,801 3,116 143,058 40,068
Belgium . . . . . . . . . --- --- 107 14 France . . . . . . . . . 81 49 2,727 1,132 Switzerland . . . . . . . --- --- 1,357 1,693 United Kingdom . . . . . 1,188 242 35,001 5,564
U.S. Imports for Consumption: December 1998 and 1998 Year-to-Date Subheading 300210: ANTISERA AND OTHER BLOOD FRACTIONS, AND MODIFIED IMMUNOLOGICAL PRODUCTS
3002.10.0010: HUMAN BLOOD PLASMA U.S. Imports for Consumption: December 1998 and 1998 Year-to-Date (Customs Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilograms)
<--- Dec 1998 --- <--- 1998 YTD --- Country Quantity Value Quantity Value
=================================================================
WORLD TOTAL . . . . . . . 25,740 1,827 270,357 20,476 Belgium . . . . . . . . . 14 8 145 60 France . . . . . . . . . --- --- 134 60 Netherlands . . . . . . . --- --- 11 5 Switzerland . . . . . . . 10,462 597 86,101 5,894 United Kingdom . . . . . --- --- 335 62 3002.10.0020: NORMAL HUMAN BLOOD SERA, WHETHER OR NOT FREEZE-DRIED U.S. Imports for Consumption: December 1998 and 1998 Year-to-Date (Customs Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilograms) <--- Dec 1998 --- <--- 1998 YTD --- Country Quantity Value Quantity Value
=================================================================
WORLD TOTAL . . . . . . . 1,039 817 19,056 22,678 Austria . . . . . . . . . --- --- 9,194 18,707 Belgium . . . . . . . . . --- --- 22 15 Netherlands . . . . . . . 353 2 6,733 41 Switzerland . . . . . . . 374 218 1,084 440 United Kingdom . . . . . --- --- 1 4 3002.10.0030: HUMAN IMMUNE BLOOD SERA U.S. Imports for Consumption: December 1998 and 1998 Year-to-Date (Customs Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilograms) <--- Dec 1998 --- <--- 1998 YTD --- Country Quantity Value Quantity Value ================================================================= WORLD TOTAL . . . . . . . 1,926 461 14,484 3,563 ... United Kingdom . . . . . 2 8 464 192 3002.10.0040: FETAL BOVINE SERUM (FBS) U.S. Imports for Consumption: December 1998 and 1998 Year-to-Date (Customs Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilograms) <--- Dec 1998 --- <--- 1998 YTD --- Country Quantity Value Quantity Value ================================================================= WORLD TOTAL . . . . . . . 2,727 233 131,486 8,502 ... Belgium . . . . . . . . . --- --- 17 32 United Kingdom . . . . . 329 82 743 756 3002.10.0090: OTHER BLOOD FRACTIONS NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED OR INCLUDED U.S. Imports for Consumption: December 1998 and 1998 Year-to-Date (Customs Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilograms) <--- Dec 1998 --- <--- 1998 YTD --- Country Quantity Value Quantity Value ================================================================= WORLD TOTAL . . . . . . . 88,467 27,343 944,412 309,947 ... United Kingdom . . . . . 1,887 2,300 26,823 23,585 ===================================================================
http://www.ita.doc.gov/industry/otea/Trade-Detail/Latest-December/Imports/30/300290.html
U.S. Imports for Consumption: December 1998 and 1998 Year-to-Date
Subheading 300290: HUMAN BLOOD; ANIMAL BLOOD PREPARED FOR THERAPEUTIC, ETC. USES; TOXINS, CULTURES OF MICRO-ORGANISMS (EXCLUDING YEASTS) AND SIMILAR PRODUCTS NESOI
<--- Dec 1998 --- <--- 1998 YTD --- Country Quantity Value Quantity Value ================================================================= WORLD TOTAL . . . . . . . 36,178 643 250,982 11,604 ... United Kingdom . . . . . 584 39 11,292 588
http://www.ita.doc.gov/industry/otea/Trade-Detail/Latest-Month/Imports/05/051199.html
U.S. Imports for Consumption: March 1999 and 1999 Year-to-Date
Subheading 051199: ANIMAL PRODUCTS, NESOI; DEAD HORSES AND OTHER EQUINE ANIMALS, BOVINE ANIMALS, SHEEP, GOATS AND POULTRY, UNFIT FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION, NESOI
0511.99.2000: PARINGS AND SIMILAR WASTE OF RAW HIDES OR SKINS; GLUE STOCK, NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED OR INCLUDED U.S. Imports for Consumption: March 1999 and 1999 Year-to-Date (Customs Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilograms)
0511.99.4024: DAIRY CATTLE EMBRYOS U.S. Imports for Consumption: March 1999 and 1999 Year-to-Date (Customs Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Number)
<--- Mar 1999 --- <--- 1999 YTD --- Country Quantity Value Quantity Value ================================================================= WORLD TOTAL . . . . . . . --- --- 53 16 Canada . . . . . . . . . --- --- 9 3 France . . . . . . . . . --- --- 44 13 0511.99.4050: ANIMAL PRODUCTS NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED OR INCLUDED; DEAD ANIMALS OF CHAPTER 1, UNFIT FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION U.S. Imports for Consumption: March 1999 and 1999 Year-to-Date (Customs Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilograms) <--- Mar 1999 --- <--- 1999 YTD --- Country Quantity Value Quantity Value ================================================================= WORLD TOTAL . . . . . . . 718,476 2,313 2,206,867 4,739 Belgium . . . . . . . . . --- --- 13 18 France . . . . . . . . . 1,088 14 1,489 20 United Kingdom . . . . . 11 3 38 9
http://www.ita.doc.gov/industry/otea/Trade-Detail/Latest-December/Imports/30/300220.html
U.S. Imports for Consumption: December 1998 and 1998 Year-to-Date
Subheading 300220: VACCINES FOR HUMAN MEDICINE
3002.20.0000: VACCINES FOR HUMAN MEDICINE U.S. Imports for Consumption: December 1998 and 1998 Year-to-Date (Customs Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilograms)
<--- Dec 1998 --- <--- 1998 YTD --- Country Quantity Value Quantity Value ================================================================= WORLD TOTAL . . . . . . . 25,702 26,150 550,258 378,735 Belgium . . . . . . . . . 14,311 12,029 248,041 199,036 France . . . . . . . . . 3,902 4,859 87,879 92,845 Switzerland . . . . . . . 716 353 9,303 4,271 United Kingdom . . . . . 4,075 1,172 162,960 47,148 ==================================================================
http://www.ita.doc.gov/industry/otea/Trade-Detail/Latest-December/Imports/30/300230.html
U.S. Imports for Consumption: December 1998 and 1998 Year-to-Date
Subheading 300230: VACCINES FOR VETRINARY MEDICINE
List of (6-digit) Subheadings in this (2-digit) Chapter Next (6-Digit) Subheading ... Descending ... Ascending
Latest Monthly Data
Switch from U.S. Imports to U.S. Exports
About These Trade Data Tables
3002.30.0000: VACCINES FOR VETRINARY MEDICINE U.S. Imports for Consumption: December 1998 and 1998 Year-to-Date (Customs Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilograms)
<--- Dec 1998 --- <--- 1998 YTD --- Country Quantity Value Quantity Value ================================================================= WORLD TOTAL . . . . . . . 6,528 237 87,149 2,715 Canada . . . . . . . . . --- --- 2,637 305 Federal Rep. of Germany --- --- 104 5 Netherlands . . . . . . . 138 64 472 192 New Zealand . . . . . . . 6,390 173 83,882 1,895 United Kingdom . . . . . --- --- 54 318 =================================================================
http://www.ita.doc.gov/industry/otea/Trade-Detail/Latest-December/Imports/30/300610.html
U.S. Imports for Consumption: December 1998 and 1998 Year-to-Date
Subheading 300610: STERILE SURGICAL CATGUT, SIMILAR STERILE SUTURE MATERIALS AND STERILE TISSUE ADHESIVES FOR SURGICAL WOUND CLOSURE; STERILE HAEMOSTATICS, ETC.
3006.10.0000: STERILE SURGICAL CATGUT, SIMILAR STERILE SUTURE MATERIALS AND STERILETISSUE ADHESIVES FOR SURGICAL WOUND CLOSURE; AND SIMILAR STERILE MATERIAL U.S. Imports for Consumption: December 1998 and 1998 Year-to-Date (Customs Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilograms)
Belgium . . . . . . . . . --- --- 107 14 Federal Rep. of Germany 1,795 356 16,878 3,741 France . . . . . . . . . 81 49 2,727 1,132
Subject: Re: exports from the U.K. of it's MBM to U.S.??? Date: Tue, 8 Feb 2000 14:03:16 +0000 From: mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000288/!x-usc:mailto:S.J.Pearsall@esg.maff.gsi.gov.uk To: mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000288/!x-usc:mailto:flounder@wt.net (Receipt Notification Requested) (Non Receipt Notification Requested)
Terry meat and bonemeal is not specifically classified for overseas trade purposes. The nearest equivalent is listed as "flours and meals of meat or offals (including tankage), unfit for human consumption; greaves". UK exports of this to the US are listed below:
Country Tonnes 1980 1981 12 1982 1983 1984 10 1985 2 1986 1987 1988 1989 20 1990
Subject: Re: Imports of MBM or Ruminants to the U.S. from foreign Countries with the potential risk of BSE... Date: Tue, 28 Dec 1999 17:19:15 -0500 From: Linda Detwiler To: mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000288/!x-usc:mailto:flounder@wt.net (Receipt Notification Requested)
I have attached the file ibov96.txt containing all of the bovine imports for 1996.
Subject: [Fwd: IMPORTED UK AND NETHERLANDS BEEF?] -Reply Date: Thu, 3 Sep 1998 6:54:00 -0400 From: Linda Detwiler To: mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000288/!x-usc:mailto:flounder@wt.net (Receipt Notification Requested)
I will check on this as I had not heard about the UK. The Netherlands would not have suprised me as they did not have a case until March 1997. ... now my question would be, how many of these animals that fed on MBM's from these countries, were imported to the United States, via 3rd country routes??? i will give you that answer below...TSS
Marva Thompson Foreign Trade Reference Room 202/482-2185
"The U.S. is apparently still importing beef, pork, sheep, and lamb from countries in which BSE is found [this is probably completely legal under regulations applicable at time of import-- webmaster]:
Bovine anmls bnlss ex prcssd frozen/U.S. Imports for Consumption 1997 year to date (custom value, in thousands of dollars) (units of quantity: kilograms)
United Kingdom 37,122 kilograms, 43 thousand dollars Netherlands 56,260 kilograms, 413 thousand dollars Canada 18,141,481 kilograms, 23,914 million dollars
Livers of bovine animals, edible, frozen. U.S. Imports for consumption
Netherlands 19,230 kilograms, 25 thousand dollars Canada 160,632 kilograms, 147 thousand dollars
Tongues of bovine animals, edible, frozen U.S. Imports for consumption
Netherlands 1,047 kilograms, 4 thousand dollars Canada 767,859 kilograms, 2,028 million
Hi-qulty beef cuts w/bone in prcssd f/c u.S. Imports for consumption
Canada 25,332 kilograms, 37 thousand dollars
Beef cuts w/bone in excpt prcdssd fr/ch u.S. Imports for consumption
Netherlands 5,276 kilograms, 30 thousand dollars Canada 117,142 kilograms, 353 thousand dollars
Meat bovine anmls cuts w/bone ex prrocssd fr us imports for consumption
Netherlands 51,836 kilograms, 444 thousand dollars Canada 120,955,010 kilograms, 253,199 million
Cattle hides, whole, fresh or wet-salt u.S. Imports for consumption
Belgium 1,270 pieces, 112 thousand dollars United kingdom 36 pieces, 3 thousand dollars Ireland 12,797 pieces, 839 thousand dollars Italy 50 pieces, 10 thousand dollars Fr germany 2,500 pieces, 36 thousand dollars Canada 1,405,430 pieces, 67,320 million dollars
Hides/skins bovine anmls nesoi whole frh/wet-saltd u.S. Imports for consumption
United kingdom 13 pieces, 1 thousand dollars Italy 4 pieces, 4 thousand dollars Germany 9,455 pieces, 139 thousand dollars Canada 567,816 pieces, 17,196 million dollars
Cattle hides, whole, fresh or wet-salted u.S. Imports for consumption
1998 year to date Italy 7 pieces, 2 thousand dollars Ireland 1,408 pieces, 85 thousand dollars France 25 pieces 2 thousand dollars Canada 965,355 pieces, 37,244 million dollars
Hides and skins of bovine animals, whole, nesoi, fresh or wet-salted U.S. Imports for consumption
United kingdom 18 pieces, 3 thousand dollars Sweden 1 pieces, 1 thousand dollars Italy 2 pieces, 2 thousand dollars Germany 5,565 pieces, 72 thousand dollars Canada 84,327 pieces, 2,257 million dollars
Sheep, lamb skins, no wool, nesoi, pickled not split, u.S. Imports for Consumption
United kingdom 9,504 pieces, 88 thousand dollars Sheep, lamb skins, no wool, nesoi, pickled, split u.S. Imports for Consumption
United Kingdom 149,580 pieces, 1,212 million dollars Netherlands 50,400 pieces, 267 thousand dollars Italy 4,175 pieces, 64 thousand dollars France 13,644 pieces, 57 thousand dollars Canada 131,642 pieces, 241 thousand dollars
Flawed inspection of food is a danger, senate panel told 9-11-98 Knight Rider Tribune News
The government's current system to check food imports for possible health dangers is dangerously flawed, experts in the food business told a Senate subcommittee Thursday. U.S. inspectors check only 2 percent of all foreign shipments and consistently issue low penalties to importers who break the rules, experts said. Unscrupulous importers typically import large amounts of products that will not pass (Food and Drug Administration) inspection, said a former West Coast customs broker.
He said importers easily bypass inspections by docking at high-volume ports, such as Los Angeles-Long Beach and New York, where the inspection force is stretched thin. Inspections are so low there they virtually pass right through.
Subject: MBM/U.K. imports of MBM to the U.S./BSE Inquiry http://www.bse.org.uk/dfa/dfa25.htm Date:Mon, 10 Apr 2000 15:14:21 -0700 From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr." To: mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000288/!x-usc:mailto:flounder@wt.net
69. On 14 February 1990, Mr Meldrum wrote a letter to the Chief Veterinary Officers of a number of countries. [76] On 15 February 1990, Mrs Attridge and other officials were sent a copy of the letter of 14 February 1990 and a list of the countries to which it had been sent. They were stated to be the countries which had imported ruminant based meat and bone meal from the United Kingdom. The countries listed were Norway; Sweden, Switzerland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Nigeria, Thailand, South Africa, Malaysia, Taiwan, Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Canada, USA, Turkey, Kenya, Malta, Libera, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Puerto Rico, Curacao, Finland.[77] The letter from Mr Meldrum included the following: Although we have kept the Office Internationale des Epizooties (OIE) fully informed about this new disease, and they will shortly be disseminating information and recommendations to member countries, I am writing to you on a personal basis to ensure that you are aware of all the developments in relation to BSE, including its likely cause. The majority of our findings have now been published in the Veterinary Record.?[78] 70. On 20 February 1990, Dr Pickles wrote to Ms Verity (APS/CMO). Dr Pickles? minute included the following: 1. Mr Meldrum is arguing that MAFF have already taken all the necessary and responsible steps to warn importing countries of the BSE dangers in UK meat and bone meal. Yet the action taken so far overseas suggest the message has not got through, or where it has this has been late. The first nation that woke up to the danger did so a year after our own feed ban. It seems even now several EC countries neither ban our imports or the general feeding of ruminant protein. It also seems the OIE and CVO have yet to inform the rest of the world. 2. I do not see how this can be claimed to be responsible?. We do not need an expert group of the Scientific Veterinary Committee to tell us British meat and bone meal is unsafe for ruminants. I fail to understand why this cannot be tackled from the British end which seems to be the only sure way of doing it, preferably by banning exports. As CMO says in his letter of 3 January surely it is short sighted for us to risk being seen in future as having been responsible for the introduction of BSE to the food chain in other countries.??[79]
http://www.mad-cow.org/00/jul00_dont_eat_sheep.html#hhh
The documents below were provided by Terry S. Singeltary Sr on 8 May 2000. They are optically character read (scanned into computer) and so may contain typos and unreadable parts.
TIP740203/l 0424 CONFIDENTIAL
http://www.mad-cow.org/00/may00_news.html#aaa
5.3.3 The greatest risk, in theory, would be from parenteral injection of material derived from bovine brain or lymphoid tissue. Medicinal products for injection or surgical implantation which are prepared from bovine tissues, or which utilise bovine serum albumin or similar agents in their manufacture, might also be capable of transmitting infectious agents. All medicinal products are licensed under the Medicines Act by the Licensing Authority following guidance, for example from the Committee on Safety of Medicines (CSM), the Committee on Dental and Surgical Materials (CDSM) and their subcommittees. The Licensing Authority have been alerted to potential concern about BSE in medicinal products and will ensure that scrutiny of source materials and manufacturing processes now takes account of BSE agent.
http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/ib/ibd1/tab02.pdf
BEFORE the BSE Inquiry went online, i was requesting the daily hearings and submissions, and they were sending them to me via air mail. then, when the BSE Inquiry finally went online, i was then able to go back and match up some of what i had with the YB numbers (above), with the official documents. ...TSS
BSE offals used in cosmetics, toiletry and perfume industry Sun, 3 Sep 2000. Unpublished Inquiry documents obtained by CJD activist Terry S. Singeltary Sr. of Bacliff, Texas Miss Marion Kelly Cosmetic, Toiletry and Perfumery Association 35 Dover Street London W1X3RA
Department of Trade and Industry 10-18 Victoria Street London SW1H ONN Enquiries 01-215 5000 Telex 8811074 DTHQ G 01 215 3324 1 February 1990
http://www.mad-cow.org/00/sep00_news.html#bbb
http://bseinquiry.blogspot.com/2008/05/mad-cow-disease-bse-cjd-children.html
>>>ITEM 3 – CURRENT ISSUES 8. SEAC was informed about the following issues: • A mother and son in Spain had died of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD). This is the first recorded instance of more than one case of vCJD within one family. As both the mother and son lived in a region of Spain with a history of BSE, had frequently shared meals of cattle brain, and as no other risk factor has been identified, it seems most likely that both infections were acquired from dietary exposure. Furthermore, the similar times of onset of disease of the cases did not suggest transmission had occurred from one to the other...
http://www.seac.gov.uk/papers/102-1.pdf <<<
GREETINGS ! NOW that the USA is doing the same thing the U.K. did, i.e. exporting there TSE tainted product into commerce, and thanks to GW, USDA, OIE et al, it's legal now, but since the poor mother and son that died from nvCJD from eating there favorite food 'cow brain', let's look at some of the countries now getting USDA certified mad cow brains ; bovine brain is used in Mexican food, specifically Jan. 7--The Mexican menu at Taqueria El Rodeo so authentic that you'll find cesos de res - cow brains -- on the meat list, right between tongue and headcheese.
http://www.allbusiness.com/food-beverage/restaurants-food-service/10251896-1.html
A fried-brain sandwich is generally a sandwich with sliced calves' brains on sliced bread. Thinly sliced fried slabs on white toast became a ubiquitous menu item in St. Louis, Missouri, after the rise of the city's stockyards in the late 1880s, although demand there has so dwindled that only a handful of eateries still offer them. But they remain popular in the Ohio River valley, where they are served heavily battered on hamburger buns. In Evansville, Indiana, it is not uncommon to find them on many restaurant menus and they are a major seller at the annual Fall Festival. Evansville is a city located in Vanderburgh County, Indiana. ... An Italian sandwich. ... Beef brains and calf or veal (juvenile beef) brains are used in certain types of ethnic cooking, such as French cuisine and Mexican cuisine (known as sesos in Spanish), often seen in tacos and burritos. ... Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults. ... Frying is the cooking of food with cooking oil as the heat transfer medium. ... This page is about the food toast, for other meanings, see Toast (disambiguation). ... Nickname: Gateway City, Gateway to the West, or Mound City Location in the state of Missouri Coordinates: Country United States State Missouri County Independent City Mayor Francis G. Slay (D) Area - City 66. ... // Development and commercial production of electric lighting Development and commercial production of gasoline-powered automobile by Karl Benz, Gottlieb Daimler and Maybach First commercial production and sales of phonographs and phonograph recordings. ... The Ohio River is the largest tributary by volume of the Mississippi River. ... Hamburgers often contain lettuce, onions, and other toppings, as shown here. ... Nickname: River City Location in the state of Indiana Country United States State Indiana County Vanderburgh Mayor Jonathan Weinzapfel Area - City 105. ...
CNN Cow brain sandwiches still on the menu. Associated Press, January 16, 2004.
http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Brain-sandwiches
Where in Mexico City are you going to stay? And what type of food? Obviously mexican food (any region) is great but you will be surprised with the quality of french, spanish, italian and steak houses. There are thousands of restaurant all around the city and its suburbs. I am familiar with the south part of Mexico City. Assuming that you are more interested in mexican food San Angel Inn is a great place for food and ambiance. I used to get the "sesos a la mantequilla negra" {cow brain cooked in black butter} that was before the boom of cattle CNS viral infections. The dish is similar to sweetbreads. I still order it if they have it on the menu.
For great "cocina poblana" Las Cazuelas de la abuela located in a strip mall in San Jeronimo. The "sopa de medula" (spinal cord soup) is to die for. Also try the chalupitas and the "enchiladas de leche" (milk enchiladas); pretty much anything on the menu is tasty and not expensive.
http://forums.winespectator.com/eve/forums/a/tpc/f/958106983/m/186107164
Subject: What if TSEs are in USA cattle herds? (EXPORTS OF USA BOVINE BRAINS/SWEATBREADS) From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr." <mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000288/!x-usc:mailto:flounder@WT.NET> Reply-To: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy <mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000288/!x-usc:mailto:BSE-L@UNI-KARLSRUHE.DE> Date: Wed, 14 Nov 2001 15:39:04 -0800 Content-Type: text/plain Parts/Attachments: text/plain (244 lines)
######## Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy <mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000288/!x-usc:mailto:BSE-L@UNI-KARLSRUHE.DE> #########
U.S. Trade Quick-Reference Tables: August 2001 Exports
Subheading 020629: OFFAL OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, NESOI, FROZEN
snip...
0206.29.0030: BRAINS OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FROZEN
U.S. Domestic Exports: August 2001 and 2001 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilograms)
August 2001 2001, through August Quantity Value Quantity
Value WORLD TOTAL 23,052 35
125,160
192 Federal Rep. of Germany 0
3,962
4 Mexico 15,147 28
103,611
170 Norway 7,905 8
7,905
8 Singapore 0
9,682
10
0206.29.0040: SWEATBREADS OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FROZEN
U.S. Domestic Exports: August 2001 and 2001 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilograms)
August 2001 2001, through August Quantity Value Quantity
Value WORLD TOTAL 616,391 749
1,563,588
2,079 Argentina 148,806 242
969,496
1,328 Colombia 24,037 16
24,037
16 Japan 22,045 49
75,946
186 Mexico 410,663 427
481,956
523 Singapore 0
633
6 United Arab Emirates 0
680
6 Venezuela 10,840 14
10,840
14
snip...
http://www.ita.doc.gov/td/industry/otea/Trade-Detail/Latest-Month/Exports/02/020629.html
Subject: USDA December 2006 Exports POTENTIAL MAD COW BOVINE BRAINS, HEARTS, KIDNEYS, SWEATBREADS, LIPS, OFFAL, TONGUES, AND MORE From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr." <mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000288/!x-usc:mailto:flounder9@VERIZON.NET> Reply-To: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy <mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000288/!x-usc:mailto:BSE-L@LISTS.AEGEE.ORG> Date: Fri, 15 Dec 2006 16:04:43 -0600 Content-Type: text/plain Parts/Attachments: text/plain (1173 lines)
Subject: USDA December 2006 Exports POTENTIAL MAD COW BOVINE BRAINS, HEARTS, KIDNEYS, SWEATBREADS, LIPS, OFFAL, TONGUES, AND MORE
Date: December 15, 2006 at 1:27 pm PST Greetings,
i thought it might be a good time at the end of 2006 and compare what country, if any, would still be foolish enough to import potentially certified USDA MAD COW BRAINS FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION. last time i looked this up was in 2004 and was shocked at the countries still doing this. seems the USDA et al would gladly poison any third world country that is willing to take this BSe, but only two take them now i.e. Gabon and the Ivory Coast are still accepting USDA certified potentially mad cow brains for human consumption. a sad day when they know that these brains could very likely contain the TSE agent, but yet still export them to other countries. sadly, the USA is no better than the UK when in came/comes to knowingly exporting there BSE/TSE. just gotta love that BSE MRR policy of GWs and the OIE, the legal trading of all strains of TSE globally. ...TSS
0206290030: BRAINS OF BOVINES, EDIBLE, FROZEN
U.S. Domestic Exports: 2006 and 2006 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram)
January February March April May June July August September October Through October Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 0 0 0 0 48,988 27 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48,988 27 Gabon 0 0 0 0 24,494 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,494 14 Ivory Coast 0 0 0 0 24,494 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,494 14
Source: Foreign Trade Division, U.S. Census Bureau. Prepared by the Office of Trade and Industry Information (OTII), International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce.
http://hq-tpisweb.ita.doc.gov/portal/page/portal/rptsforms/p_hsyrly2?p_year=2006&p_hs=0206290030&p_flow=''exports''&p_endmth=''October''&p_table=ita.hs_mthytd_expdom_ts2006
THAT compared to 2004 USDA EXPORT OF POTENTIAL MAD COW BRAINS ;
0206290030: BRAINS OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FROZEN U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2004 and 2004 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram) December 2004 2004, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value
.World 37,727 33 363,222 344
Mexico 37,727 33 338,475 326 Romania 0 0 24,747 19
http://ita.doc.gov/ td/ industry/ otea/ Trade-Detail/ Latest-Month/ Exports/ 02/ 020629.html
0206290040: SWEATBREADS OF BOVINES, EDIBLE, FROZEN
U.S. Domestic Exports: 2006 and 2006 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram) January February March April May June July August September October Through October Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 1,837 3 0 0 0 0 17,690 40 55,641 74 19,264 34 0 0 5,739 7 32,760 43 0 0 132,931 200 Bahamas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,739 7 0 0 0 0 5,739 7 Dominican Republic 1,837 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,837 3 Mexico 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,690 40 55,641 74 19,264 34 0 0 0 0 32,760 43 0 0 125,355 191
Source: Foreign Trade Division, U.S. Census Bureau. Prepared by the Office of Trade and Industry Information (OTII), International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce.
http://hq-tpisweb.ita.doc.gov/portal/page/portal/rptsforms/p_hsyrly2?p_year=2006&p_hs=0206290040&p_flow=''exports''&p_endmth=''October''&p_table=ita.hs_mthytd_expdom_ts2006
0206210000: TONGUES OF BOVINES, EDIBLE, FROZEN
U.S. Domestic Exports: 2006 and 2006 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram) January February March April May June July August September October Through October Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 743,244 2,712 770,499 2,661 689,994 1,924 576,134 1,357 898,542 1,947 1,105,844 2,649 490,803 1,325 658,963 1,893 789,509 2,330 657,647 1,858 7,381,179 20,656 Belgium 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,000 20 8,723 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,723 45 Bulgaria 0 0 0 0 19,156 70 23,492 64 47,091 127 23,357 62 22,902 38 24,295 72 81,698 240 0 0 241,991 672 Colombia 0 0 0 0 0 0 300 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 300 3 Costa Rica 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,415 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,415 60 Germany 0 0 305 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 305 3 Greece 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,414 10 22,936 37 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 26,350 47 Honduras 1,470 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,504 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,974 19 Hong Kong 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50,294 118 50,294 118 Japan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 595 9 0 0 0 0 595 9 Latvia 0 0 0 0 0 0 73,454 165 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 73,454 165 Mexico 741,774 2,706 770,194 2,658 670,838 1,854 410,277 978 839,314 1,785 1,058,200 2,546 463,397 1,274 634,073 1,813 707,811 2,090 606,366 1,737 6,902,244 19,442 Netherlands 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,196 67 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,196 67 Philippines 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,351 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 987 3 2,338 6
Source: Foreign Trade Division, U.S. Census Bureau. Prepared by the Office of Trade and Industry Information (OTII), International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce.
http://hq-tpisweb.ita.doc.gov/portal/page/portal/rptsforms/p_hsyrly2?p_year=2006&p_hs=0206210000&p_flow=''exports''&p_endmth=''October''&p_table=ita.hs_mthytd_expdom_ts2006
0206290010: HEARTS OF BOVINES, EDIBLE, FROZEN
U.S. Domestic Exports: 2006 and 2006 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram) January February March April May June July August September October Through October Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 767,425 589 516,379 411 838,340 690 365,331 269 223,401 138 273,330 194 655,828 503 516,732 308 857,063 528 1,023,945 660 6,037,774 4,290 Angola 54,449 41 54,431 45 54,430 46 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 27,215 26 190,525 157 China 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 57,420 36 0 0 0 0 0 0 57,420 36 Costa Rica 0 0 9,525 10 9,607 7 0 0 0 0 9,525 9 15,431 15 0 0 9,525 11 0 0 53,613 53 Egypt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,111 12 19,051 12 37,162 24 Korea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 39,468 34 12,208 18 51,676 52 Mexico 712,976 548 452,423 356 765,222 629 356,250 260 214,320 129 181,242 108 452,360 322 502,186 291 772,136 450 953,124 589 5,362,239 3,683 Nicaragua 0 0 0 0 9,081 8 9,081 9 9,081 8 9,081 8 0 0 0 0 17,823 21 0 0 54,147 54 Peru 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 73,482 68 130,617 130 14,546 17 0 0 12,347 15 230,992 230
Source: Foreign Trade Division, U.S. Census Bureau. Prepared by the Office of Trade and Industry Information (OTII), International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce.
http://hq-tpisweb.ita.doc.gov/portal/page/portal/rptsforms/p_hsyrly2?p_year=2006&p_hs=0206290010&p_flow=''exports''&p_endmth=''October''&p_table=ita.hs_mthytd_expdom_ts2006
0206220000: LIVERS OF BOVINES, EDIBLE, FROZEN
U.S. Domestic Exports: 2006 and 2006 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram) January February March April May June July August September October Through October Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 7,728,862 9,464 7,263,710 8,918 6,170,310 6,943 8,429,810 9,979 8,536,550 8,231 9,634,156 9,271 10,820,962 10,020 8,225,706 7,977 7,758,088 7,180 9,663,403 8,489 84,231,557 86,473 Angola 70,761 27 270,847 239 136,213 119 784,365 538 497,820 383 381,219 312 574,363 481 279,872 237 810,888 680 659,739 571 4,466,087 3,587 Armenia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 46,000 50 0 0 0 0 46,000 50 Bahamas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,336 3 0 0 0 0 5,443 4 0 0 0 0 6,779 7 Bahrain 0 0 0 0 18,152 7 25,322 19 36,640 28 23,660 19 85,656 56 22,410 10 34,100 23 41,300 61 287,240 223 Canada 29,101 87 31,124 89 43,858 119 37,887 93 11,218 25 48,868 57 23,171 38 51,570 60 79,836 79 136,436 121 493,069 768 Congo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 46,000 46 0 0 94,988 96 23,000 25 0 0 0 0 163,988 167 Costa Rica 41,347 34 28,572 26 28,572 28 13,265 15 18,152 25 9,321 10 6,552 7 0 0 48,843 51 19,849 18 214,473 212 Cuba 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 47,829 26 47,829 26 Dominican Republic 3,484 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,484 3 Ecuador 0 0 4,721 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,040 3 8,761 7 Egypt 4,774,076 7,024 4,028,075 6,211 4,077,426 5,168 5,723,286 7,831 6,563,392 6,827 7,789,768 7,906 9,444,848 8,902 6,984,806 6,997 5,795,342 5,569 8,082,712 7,166 63,263,731 69,601 France 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,437 7 0 0 0 0 9,437 7 Gabon 0 0 0 0 0 0 26,331 10 0 0 4,876 3 11,143 8 24,494 25 0 0 0 0 66,844 46 Greece 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,310 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,310 7 Guinea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,506 18 24,506 18 Honduras 168,233 138 82,904 92 28,561 16 18,294 13 24,439 17 6,751 5 29,294 19 27,831 19 37,645 27 19,066 19 443,018 364 Iraq 319,719 233 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 54,210 41 0 0 373,929 273 Ivory Coast 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,610 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,610 8 Jamaica 69,308 36 109,377 58 36,638 19 124,772 60 44,521 28 83,587 54 35,525 23 38,997 27 28,208 20 128,114 84 699,047 409 Jordan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,123 9 0 0 13,123 9 Korea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,616 16 0 0 0 0 51,270 44 12,240 17 87,126 77 Kuwait 49,898 39 0 0 48,995 37 0 0 99,668 78 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 198,561 155 Malaysia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 46,310 21 0 0 47,764 80 94,074 101 Mexico 412,895 277 368,053 200 421,650 269 374,343 193 537,381 351 614,174 428 246,284 191 380,638 259 208,595 150 289,508 187 3,853,521 2,506 Netherlands 78,000 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 78,000 75 Nicaragua 18,943 15 18,807 15 41,651 33 43,216 32 34,563 26 47,199 35 0 0 36,595 26 18,883 20 38,375 31 298,232 233 Peru 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 263,209 167 29,806 19 77,603 57 193,669 161 87,431 67 651,718 470 Poland 1,593,796 1,306 2,216,196 1,896 1,174,658 957 926,766 899 444,095 266 24,494 25 24,944 23 47,494 50 70,000 75 0 0 6,522,443 5,498 Republic of South Africa 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,348 36 0 0 0 0 10,945 8 0 0 0 0 24,494 21 60,787 65 Russia 0 0 0 0 0 0 150,869 82 0 0 108,903 99 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 259,772 181 Saudi Arabia 99,301 171 54,803 52 40,951 109 106,412 140 163,955 118 128,905 92 178,020 134 100,206 80 234,490 170 0 0 1,107,043 1,066 Senegal 0 0 0 0 49,389 18 0 0 13,370 9 13,353 9 0 0 0 0 12,349 9 0 0 88,461 45 Sierra Leone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,000 22 0 0 24,000 22 Singapore 0 0 25,737 10 0 0 25,724 9 0 0 0 0 13,113 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 64,574 29 Spain 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,000 23 0 0 0 0 23,000 23 United Arab Emirates 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 42,637 31 0 0 42,637 31 United Kingdom 0 0 24,494 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,494 25 Vietnam 0 0 0 0 23,596 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,596 45 Zaire 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 62,253 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 62,253 33
Source: Foreign Trade Division, U.S. Census Bureau. Prepared by the Office of Trade and Industry Information (OTII), International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce.
http://hq-tpisweb.ita.doc.gov/portal/page/portal/rptsforms/p_hsyrly2?p_year=2006&p_hs=0206220000&p_flow=''exports''&p_endmth=''October''&p_table=ita.hs_mthytd_expdom_ts2006
0206100000: OFFAL OF BOVINES, EDIBLE, FRESH OR CHILLED
U.S. Domestic Exports: 2006 and 2006 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram)
January February March April May June July August September October Through October Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 151,702 598 142,843 727 276,270 896 188,421 543 362,729 970 116,820 472 185,245 638 297,623 832 271,498 640 178,816 637 2,171,967 6,953 Anguilla 0 0 0 0 87 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 87 3 Bahamas 0 0 1,273 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,273 3 Bahrain 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Canada 21,379 15 0 0 46,853 71 18,452 17 171,620 279 9,451 15 29,694 46 139,002 222 206,428 318 64,805 103 707,684 1,086 China 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,704 66 9,206 31 0 0 28,910 97 Hong Kong 28,166 136 14,490 21 27,855 41 17,875 27 0 0 0 0 6,759 23 0 0 0 0 0 0 95,145 248 Japan 550 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,132 14 0 0 0 0 4,682 22 Mexico 78,027 424 127,080 702 201,475 781 152,094 499 191,109 691 107,369 457 148,792 569 125,593 480 55,864 292 114,011 535 1,301,414 5,430 Philippines 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,192 50 0 0 0 0 9,192 50 Singapore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 United Kingdom 23,580 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,580 15
Source: Foreign Trade Division, U.S. Census Bureau. Prepared by the Office of Trade and Industry Information (OTII), International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce.
http://hq-tpisweb.ita.doc.gov/portal/page/portal/rptsforms/p_hsyrly2?p_year=2006&p_hs=0206100000&p_flow=''exports''&p_endmth=''October''&p_table=ita.hs_mthytd_expdom_ts2006
0206290090: OFFAL OF BOVINES, EDIBLE, FROZEN, NESOI
U.S. Domestic Exports: 2006 and 2006 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram) January February March April May June July August September October Through October Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 3,317,168 4,027 3,016,529 4,700 3,438,524 5,024 3,193,299 3,613 2,833,026 4,158 1,968,683 2,972 1,368,243 2,201 1,437,708 2,335 1,481,508 2,677 1,627,962 2,664 23,682,650 34,371 Albania 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,390 47 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,390 47 Angola 2,025 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,310 30 21,501 34 14,590 27 1,361 4 59,787 99 Antigua Barbuda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,255 31 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,402 4 16,657 35 Barbados 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,644 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,644 15 Belgium 0 0 0 0 24,494 25 24,494 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,494 25 24,000 25 48,988 50 146,470 150 Bulgaria 0 0 23,596 23 0 0 0 0 16,568 25 16,568 25 8,284 12 0 0 47,655 39 24,494 21 137,165 145 Canada 855,976 567 614,312 449 831,285 574 1,080,210 670 502,611 611 395,999 547 217,288 315 390,223 591 480,802 813 332,017 472 5,700,723 5,611 Congo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,610 23 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,610 23 Cyprus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,494 25 0 0 0 0 24,494 25 Ecuador 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 28,046 39 28,046 39 Egypt 690,000 875 320,000 500 146,964 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,156,964 1,525 Gabon 47,220 46 70,830 69 48,988 50 165,270 161 94,440 92 73,288 75 24,494 25 71,894 71 70,610 73 24,000 23 691,034 685 Germany 0 0 24,494 25 24,420 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48,914 50 Greece 0 0 0 0 24,426 21 48,988 24 24,734 38 25,350 38 0 0 0 0 47,628 40 48,988 43 220,114 204 Guatemala 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,143 12 7,143 12 Guyana 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,578 13 13,578 13 Honduras 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,051 18 19,051 18 0 0 0 0 38,102 37 Hong Kong 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 43,143 65 43,143 65 Italy 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 552 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 552 4 Ivory Coast 285,088 280 188,880 184 192,416 192 118,050 115 330,430 324 94,440 92 94,440 92 213,702 204 48,104 44 165,882 174 1,731,432 1,701 Jamaica 210 4 55,425 97 63,179 87 56,267 29 80,773 123 32,838 58 0 0 10,458 16 18,824 86 9,531 14 327,505 515 Japan 182,627 287 148,426 227 207,558 336 147,611 209 278,269 378 163,490 213 145,112 189 72,775 95 13,874 21 0 0 1,359,742 1,956 Korea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,035 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,035 35 Macao 0 0 47,163 119 92,937 218 70,740 168 47,170 87 23,586 58 70,753 168 0 0 0 0 0 0 352,349 819 Mali 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,610 23 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,494 25 48,104 48 Mexico 863,030 1,567 1,364,663 2,785 1,620,522 3,099 1,199,058 1,899 1,264,144 2,124 980,786 1,661 661,690 1,223 570,222 1,241 700,452 1,477 782,876 1,616 10,007,443 18,693 Nicaragua 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,804 18 18,804 18 Philippines 0 0 0 0 4,556 24 0 0 0 0 23,587 21 0 0 0 0 14,969 31 23,496 35 66,608 112 Poland 367,410 375 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 367,410 375 St Lucia 0 0 0 0 4,870 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,870 12 Taiwan 23,582 23 0 0 5,764 23 10,966 44 10,613 43 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50,925 133 Trinidad and Tobago 0 0 40,771 23 78,583 59 43,543 17 9,050 14 22,706 18 6,526 10 18,894 15 0 0 22,829 17 242,902 171 United Arab Emirates 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,879 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,890 21 16,769 33 Vietnam 0 0 117,969 197 67,562 129 214,579 224 118,772 205 92,435 143 75,905 72 0 0 0 0 0 0 687,222 969
Source: Foreign Trade Division, U.S. Census Bureau. Prepared by the Office of Trade and Industry Information (OTII), International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce.
http://hq-tpisweb.ita.doc.gov/portal/page/portal/rptsforms/p_hsyrly2?p_year=2006&p_hs=0206290090&p_flow=''exports''&p_endmth=''October''&p_table=ita.hs_mthytd_expdom_ts2006
TSS
Subject: USA December 2004 Exports BOVINE STATS BRAINS, HEARTS, KIDNEYS, SWEATBREADS, LIPS, OFFAL, TONGUES, AND MORE Date: Mon, 25 Apr 2005 16:21:28 -0500 From: “Terry S. Singeltary Sr.” Reply-To: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000288/!x-usc:mailto:-L@LISTS.UNI-KARLSRUHE.DE> To: mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000288/!x-usc:mailto:BSE-L@LISTS.UNI-KARLSRUHE.DE ##################### Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy #####################
0206290030: BRAINS OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FROZEN
U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2004 and 2004 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram) December 2004 2004, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 37,727 33 363,222 344 Mexico 37,727 33 338,475 326 Romania 0 0 24,747 19
0206290010: HEARTS OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FROZEN
U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2004 and 2004 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram) December 2004 2004, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 581,872 418 7,564,955 5,685 Angola 0 0 211,527 46 Cambodia (Kampuchea) 0 0 22,682 60 China 0 0 49,887 36 Colombia 0 0 22,657 28 Gabon 0 0 24,947 11 Hong Kong 0 0 24,494 45 Indonesia 400,639 261 4,420,683 2,747 Italy 0 0 24,494 20 Korea 0 0 124,089 71 Mexico 181,233 157 2,494,078 2,517 Poland 0 0 47,359 20 Russia 0 0 98,058 85
0206290020: KIDNEYS OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FROZEN
U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2004 and 2004 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram)
December 2004 2004, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 303,293 175 3,009,780 1,684 Angola 0 0 60,075 15 Bahamas 0 0 11,431 8 Cayman Islands 0 0 4,450 10 China 0 0 48,988 26 Gabon 48,200 15 489,329 206 Hong Kong 0 0 48,988 26 Indonesia 0 0 47,174 17 Ivory Coast 188,414 96 1,694,772 959 Jamaica 10,546 5 78,933 37 Mexico 56,133 59 203,788 204 Moldova 0 0 295,091 166 Romania 0 0 26,761 10
0206290040: SWEATBREADS OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FROZEN
U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2004 and 2004 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram) December 2004 2004, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 0 0 95,209 83 Bulgaria 0 0 25,243 22 Ghana 0 0 0 0 Mexico 0 0 69,859 58 Netherlands 0 0 107 4
0206290050: LIPS OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FROZEN
U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2004 and 2004 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram) December 2004 2004, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 1,389,825 2,709 7,355,294 13,917 Bahamas 0 0 40,000 5 Mexico 1,386,800 2,706 7,293,673 13,895 Montserrat 0 0 18,596 15 Namibia 3,025 3 3,025 3
0206290090: OFFAL OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, NESOI, FROZEN
U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2004 and 2004 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram) December 2004 2004, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 2,386,597 2,913 22,701,393 25,320 Antigua Barbuda 2,141 6 3,162 11 Argentina 590 4 1,044 7 Aruba 1,000 4 1,476 10 Bahamas 0 0 117,929 184 Bulgaria 0 0 315,543 301 Canada 337,392 255 3,544,821 3,347 Cayman Islands 0 0 5,350 21 China 0 0 22,185 37 Colombia 0 0 24,127 36 Cyprus 0 0 25,052 20 Denmark 0 0 46,416 25 Dominican Republic 0 0 24,086 16 Egypt 0 0 145 3 Gabon 96,208 92 316,411 271 Germany 0 0 2,545,197 554 Greece 0 0 190,564 146 Guatemala 0 0 117,362 197 Haiti 0 0 13,125 25
Haiti 0 0 13,125 25 Honduras 23,940 34 23,940 34 Hong Kong 0 0 48,343 130 Indonesia 7,470 9 640,472 249 Italy 0 0 47,849 38 Ivory Coast 192,410 184 1,133,273 1,012 Jamaica 80,703 54 124,514 86 Japan 25,094 53 432,608 2,659 Korea 0 0 23,596 25 Malaysia 97,997 48 457,516 203 Mexico 1,376,419 1,977 9,425,957 13,261 Netherlands 20,229 20 245,555 129 New Zealand 0 0 0 0 Panama 23,399 44 161,425 117 Philippines 0 0 22,184 39 Poland 0 0 805,355 477 Romania 48,988 33 1,294,879 1,191 Senegal 0 0 52,909 103 Singapore 0 0 728 3 Spain 0 0 202 4 St Christopher-Nevis 0 0 1,020 3 St Lucia 0 0 5,313 8 Switzerland 0 0 6,506 35 Taiwan 46,920 86 97,268 127 Trinidad and Tobago 0 0 38,102 84 Turks and Caicos Islands 5,697 9 6,082 13 United Kingdom 0 0 291,303 76 Uruguay 0 0 499 4
http://ita.doc.gov/ td/ industry/ otea/ Trade-Detail/ Latest-Month/ Exports/ 02/ 020629.html
0206100000: OFFAL OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FRESH OR CHILLED
U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2004 and 2004 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram) December 2004 2004, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 149,260 308 1,312,166 2,933 Bahamas 2,174 3 6,710 6 Canada 15,265 14 115,659 129 Cayman Islands 0 0 1,312 5 China 48,988 44 48,988 44 Egypt 0 0 27,654 81 Gabon 0 0 97,462 80 Hong Kong 0 0 48,988 30 Indonesia 0 0 38,000 33 Ivory Coast 0 0 127,000 108 Kuwait 0 0 12,487 36 Mexico 82,833 247 667,881 2,070 Philippines 0 0 26,797 88 Taiwan 0 0 43,544 30 Turks and Caicos Islands 0 0 1,907 3 United Arab Emirates 0 0 47,777 190
http://ita.doc.gov/ td/ industry/ otea/ Trade-Detail/ Latest-Month/ Exports/ 02/ 020610.html
0206210000: TONGUES OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FROZEN
U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2004 and 2004 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram) December 2004 2004, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 432,185 755 3,479,807 6,127 Bangladesh 23,623 38 47,380 77 Honduras 15,163 28 17,105 31 Hong Kong 0 0 47,151 86 Indonesia 0 0 83,245 193 Japan 0 0 25,697 57 Kazakhstan 0 0 145,001 175 Mexico 368,562 638 3,046,441 5,384 Nicaragua 6,537 13 6,537 13 Philippines 18,300 38 61,250 111
http://ita.doc.gov/ td/ industry/ otea/ Trade-Detail/ Latest-Month/ Exports/ 02/ 020621.html
0206220000: LIVERS OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FROZEN
U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2004 and 2004 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram) December 2004 2004, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 5,712,394 4,115 55,278,021 38,020 Albania 0 0 74,863 45 Angola 24,677 22 888,634 430 Antigua Barbuda 2,682 3 5,111 5 Azerbaijan 97,471 45 633,575 324 Bahamas 1,836 3 10,561 8 Belarus 0 0 355,818 130 Belgium 488,886 295 2,998,386 1,265 Bulgaria 0 0 355,234 310 Canada 18,416 49 372,057 910 Dominican Republic 0 0 13,599 7 Ecuador 0 0 8,378 5 France 0 0 92,361 29 Georgia 0 0 243,876 170 Germany 609,187 323 2,104,312 908 Greece 0 0 149,205 87 Guatemala 0 0 19,962 11 Honduras 65,432 30 196,264 104 India 0 0 67,491 55 Indonesia 769,971 1,139 4,495,414 7,077 Iraq 0 0 48,984 21 Italy 0 0 9,002 12 Ivory Coast 0 0 24,701 8 Jamaica 170,782 137 170,782 137 Kazakhstan 0 0 868,130 762 Korea 0 0 23,593 17 Kuwait 0 0 1,560 7 Latvia 0 0 577,885 166 Liberia 0 0 24,950 16 Liechtenstein 0 0 24,369 11 Lithuania 0 0 996,660 552 Madagascar 0 0 24,494 10 Mali 0 0 49,211 40 Mexico 264,561 131 5,094,330 5,868 Moldova 249,107 125 2,743,394 1,314 Mozambique 0 0 24,093 17 Netherlands 0 0 49,520 26 Nicaragua 31,131 19 48,335 25 Philippines 24,504 14 97,948 156 Poland 1,553,201 953 23,262,526 13,113 Romania 0 0 199,072 121 Russia 0 0 544,267 225 Saudi Arabia 70,805 88 243,230 381 Senegal 0 0 285,311 302 Turkey 884,029 496 1,733,636 881 Ukraine 0 0 244,559 132 United Kingdom 362,446 235 4,709,748 1,792 Venezuela 0 0 45,360 19 Zaire 23,270 9 23,270 9
http://ita.doc.gov/ td/ industry/ otea/ Trade-Detail/ Latest-Month/ Exports/ 02/ 020622.html
0201203550: MEAT OF BOVINE ANIMALS, NESOI, CUTS WITH BONE IN, PROCESSED, FRESH OR CHILLED
U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2004 and 2004 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram) December 2004 2004, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 293,718 1,252 703,296 2,552 Anguilla 0 0 11,482 35 Aruba 0 0 4,775 24 Bahamas 19,416 50 247,589 684 Barbados 0 0 14,377 33 Bermuda 0 0 1,361 3 Cayman Islands 0 0 13,502 48 Colombia 244,578 738 244,578 738 France 6,242 368 6,700 400 Germany 1,564 48 1,564 48 Guatemala 21,918 49 21,918 49 Honduras 0 0 19,051 24 Hong Kong 0 0 14,618 76 Indonesia 0 0 1,008 3 Italy 0 0 750 6 Korea 0 0 6,023 35 Marshall Islands 0 0 37,817 121 Mexico 0 0 20,347 21 Netherlands Antilles 0 0 449 8 St Lucia 0 0 436 4 Suriname 0 0 240 4 Switzerland 0 0 2,402 81 Trinidad and Tobago 0 0 6,047 18 Turks and Caicos Islands 0 0 26,262 90
0201206000: MEAT OF BOVINE ANIMALS, CUTS WITH BONE IN, EXCEPT PROCESSED, FRESH ORCHILLED
U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2004 and 2004 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram) December 2004 2004, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 86,480 824 698,955 4,793 Antigua Barbuda 0 0 410 6 Bahamas 10,521 27 60,334 200 Bahrain 0 0 3,721 11 Canada 39,462 342 472,538 3,481 Chile 0 0 9,694 29 Dominican Republic 0 0 28,327 37 French Polynesia 0 0 1,596 10 Greece 0 0 2,825 16 Honduras 0 0 9,887 20 Japan 0 0 0 0 Mexico 0 0 9,189 28 Netherlands Antilles 478 8 4,250 44 Philippines 0 0 393 3 Saudi Arabia 1,053 15 22,470 102 St Lucia 0 0 372 3 Svalbard, Jan Mayen Island 34,064 430 57,812 715 Trinidad and Tobago 0 0 6,258 59 Turks and Caicos Islands 902 3 8,879 29
http://ita.doc.gov/ td/ industry/ otea/ Trade-Detail/ Latest-Month/ Exports/ 02/ 020120.html
Greetings,
I find it very disturbing that the USA is exporting all these products all over the globe without proper testing for BSE/TSE. I wonder if the consumer in these countries know what they are getting?
WHO is to say that some of these nvCJD cases are not from imported USA product?
TSS
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0206.29.0030: BRAINS OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FROZEN
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U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2003 and 2003 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilograms) December 2003 2003, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value WORLD TOTAL 57,279 56 192,198 225 Ivory Coast 0 0 24,971 8 Mexico 57,279 56 161,158 211 Sweden 0 0 6,069 6
0206.29.0040: SWEATBREADS OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FROZEN
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U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2003 and 2003 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilograms) December 2003 2003, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value WORLD TOTAL 48,735 69 581,306 689 Bahamas 0 0 4,551 5 Hong Kong 0 0 48,988 15 Japan 0 0 18,629 51 Mexico 48,735 69 507,453 611 Switzerland 0 0 1,685 6
0206.29.0050: LIPS OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FROZEN
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U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2003 and 2003 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilograms) December 2003 2003, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value WORLD TOTAL 620,626 1,393 16,539,594 23,262 Hong Kong 0 0 23,587 8 Mexico 620,626 1,393 16,513,038 23,245 Taiwan 0 0 2,969 10
0206.29.0090: OFFAL OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, NESOI, FROZEN
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U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2003 and 2003 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilograms) December 2003 2003, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value WORLD TOTAL 8,464,956 16,117 118,262,413 197,532 Argentina 1,497 9 1,497 9 Australia 6,103 6 72,627 71 Bahamas 0 0 25,367 55 Barbados 0 0 1,282 6 Belgium 0 0 718,837 142 Bulgaria 0 0 328,698 261 Burkina 0 0 23,496 21 Canada 304,064 276 8,137,388 6,048 China 734,212 1,750 7,554,286 16,429 Colombia 0 0 109,398 141 Costa Rica 0 0 53,911 37 Denmark 0 0 8,327 33 Dominican Republic 19,578 168 112,192 767 Egypt 0 0 167,000 96 Federal Rep. of Germany 104,016 21 2,266,317 583 Gabon 24,494 16 339,168 177 Greece 23,610 26 47,220 51 Guatemala 0 0 200,509 233 Guyana 0 0 11,555 12 Hong Kong 339,453 704 4,490,896 7,651 Indonesia 104,013 108 1,231,976 666 Israel 0 0 119,230 121 Ivory Coast 0 0 1,429,316 876 Jamaica 79,203 73 780,910 696 Japan 2,614,703 7,006 29,370,030 78,245 Jordan 0 0 72,709 390 Korea, South 1,084,495 2,217 19,825,887 37,280 Macedonia (Skopje) 0 0 143,699 51 Malaysia 0 0 24,776 10 Mexico 2,463,516 2,922 30,710,290 37,936 Netherlands 0 0 38,512 65 Nicaragua 0 0 9,411 11 Panama 0 0 480,391 472 Peru 0 0 47,135 29 Philippines 37,875 15 216,218 116 Poland 47,175 36 954,552 532 Romania 0 0 991,737 765 Russia 368,385 325 3,490,349 2,441 Singapore 0 0 5,307 15 St Lucia 2,442 3 10,896 14 Sweden 0 0 46,200 45 Taiwan 106,122 436 1,601,333 3,327 Turks and Caicos Islands 0 0 8,536 14 United Arab Emirates 0 0 27,439 130 United Kingdom 0 0 1,842,710 369 Uruguay 0 0 112,893 95
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http://www.ita.doc.gov/td/industry/otea/Trade-Detail/Latest-December/Exports/02/020629.html
0206.21.0000: TONGUES OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FROZEN
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U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2003 and 2003 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilograms) December 2003 2003, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value WORLD TOTAL 1,377,073 7,372 27,349,941 105,661 Canada 0 0 5,159 7 China 66,968 208 675,449 1,382 Costa Rica 0 0 6,567 18 Hong Kong 121,237 431 2,176,415 3,917 Indonesia 24,957 13 39,957 17 Japan 920,049 5,943 17,255,240 83,562 Korea, South 89,412 404 2,435,561 8,129 Malaysia 0 0 23,596 10 Mexico 45,264 126 1,258,740 3,282 Poland 0 0 23,596 14 Russia 51,472 49 3,083,619 3,942 Taiwan 57,714 198 354,691 1,260 Vietnam 0 0 11,351 121
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Source: Foreign Trade Division , U.S. Census Bureau. Presented by: Office of Trade and Economic Analysis (OTEA), International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce.
http://www.ita.doc.gov/td/industry/otea/Trade-Detail/Latest-December/Exports/02/020621.html
0206.29.0010: HEARTS OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FROZEN
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U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2003 and 2003 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilograms) December 2003 2003, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value WORLD TOTAL 1,180,635 1,038 17,267,397 12,630 Angola 0 0 47,849 31 China 0 0 97,868 41 Colombia 0 0 355,787 379 Costa Rica 0 0 4,816 4 El Salvador 4,545 4 4,545 4 Greece 0 0 15,000 6 Guatemala 0 0 19,051 18 Honduras 0 0 9,780 8 Hong Kong 45,347 110 454,574 862 Indonesia 597,243 459 8,098,035 4,681 Ivory Coast 0 0 27,216 8 Japan 0 0 19,835 20 Korea, South 49,890 50 213,036 213 Lithuania 0 0 55,194 31 Mexico 280,421 234 2,664,118 2,384 Netherlands 0 0 108,698 61 Peru 0 0 452,116 458 Russia 203,189 181 4,528,474 3,280 Saudi Arabia 0 0 3,293 6 Singapore 0 0 44,906 21 Switzerland 0 0 8,010 8 United Arab Emirates 0 0 135 3 United Kingdom 0 0 35,061 105
0206.29.0020: KIDNEYS OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FROZEN
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U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2003 and 2003 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilograms) December 2003 2003, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value WORLD TOTAL 330,004 231 3,566,918 1,818 China 49,424 26 141,576 64 Gabon 0 0 49,437 28 Greece 0 0 966 6 Indonesia 0 0 23,610 15 Ivory Coast 49,891 25 1,699,427 704 Jamaica 115,626 67 875,874 436 Mexico 115,063 113 521,638 465 Russia 0 0 115,377 70 Saudi Arabia 0 0 1,660 3 South Africa 0 0 111,960 18 Thailand 0 0 25,393 10
http://www.ita.doc.gov/td/industry/otea/Trade-Detail/Latest-December/Exports/02/020629.html
Audit Report
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Surveillance Program - Phase II
and
Food Safety and Inspection Service
Controls Over BSE Sampling, Specified Risk Materials, and Advanced Meat Recovery Products - Phase III
Report No. 50601-10-KC January 2006
Finding 2 Inherent Challenges in Identifying and Testing High-Risk Cattle Still Remain
Our prior report identified a number of inherent problems in identifying and testing high-risk cattle. We reported that the challenges in identifying the universe of high-risk cattle, as well as the need to design procedures to obtain an appropriate representation of samples, was critical to the success of the BSE surveillance program. The surveillance program was designed to target nonambulatory cattle, cattle showing signs of CNS disease (including cattle testing negative for rabies), cattle showing signs not inconsistent with BSE, and dead cattle. Although APHIS designed procedures to ensure FSIS condemned cattle were sampled and made a concerted effort for outreach to obtain targeted samples, industry practices not considered in the design of the surveillance program reduced assurance that targeted animals were tested for BSE.
USDA/OIG-A/50601-10-KC Page 27
observe these animals ante mortem when possible to assure the animals from the target population are ultimately sampled and the clinical signs evaluated.
snip...
http://www.usda.gov/oig/webdocs/50601-10-KC.pdf
In this context, a word is in order about the US testing program. After the discovery of the first (imported) cow in 2003, the magnitude of testing was much increased, reaching a level of >400,000 tests in 2005 (Figure 4). Neither of the 2 more recently indigenously infected older animals with nonspecific clinical features would have been detected without such testing, and neither would have been identified as atypical without confirmatory Western blots. Despite these facts, surveillance has now been decimated to 40,000 annual tests (USDA news release no. 0255.06, July 20, 2006) and invites the accusation that the United States will never know the true status of its involvement with BSE.
In short, a great deal of further work will need to be done before the phenotypic features and prevalence of atypical BSE are understood. More than a single strain may have been present from the beginning of the epidemic, but this possibility has been overlooked by virtue of the absence of widespread Western blot confirmatory testing of positive screening test results; or these new phenotypes may be found, at least in part, to result from infections at an older age by a typical BSE agent, rather than neonatal infections with new "strains" of BSE. Neither alternative has yet been investigated.
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol12no12/06-0965.htm
CDC DR. PAUL BROWN TSE EXPERT COMMENTS 2006
The U.S. Department of Agriculture was quick to assure the public earlier this week that the third case of mad cow disease did not pose a risk to them, but what federal officials have not acknowledged is that this latest case indicates the deadly disease has been circulating in U.S. herds for at least a decade.
The second case, which was detected last year in a Texas cow and which USDA officials were reluctant to verify, was approximately 12 years old.
These two cases (the latest was detected in an Alabama cow) present a picture of the disease having been here for 10 years or so, since it is thought that cows usually contract the disease from contaminated feed they consume as calves. The concern is that humans can contract a fatal, incurable, brain-wasting illness from consuming beef products contaminated with the mad cow pathogen.
"The fact the Texas cow showed up fairly clearly implied the existence of other undetected cases," Dr. Paul Brown, former medical director of the National Institutes of Health's Laboratory for Central Nervous System Studies and an expert on mad cow-like diseases, told United Press International. "The question was, 'How many?' and we still can't answer that."
Brown, who is preparing a scientific paper based on the latest two mad cow cases to estimate the maximum number of infected cows that occurred in the United States, said he has "absolutely no confidence in USDA tests before one year ago" because of the agency's reluctance to retest the Texas cow that initially tested positive.
USDA officials finally retested the cow and confirmed it was infected seven months later, but only at the insistence of the agency's inspector general.
"Everything they did on the Texas cow makes everything USDA did before 2005 suspect," Brown said. ...snip...end
http://www.upi.com/
CDC - Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy and Variant Creutzfeldt ... Dr. Paul Brown is Senior Research Scientist in the Laboratory of Central Nervous System ... Address for correspondence: Paul Brown, Building 36, Room 4A-05, ...
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol7no1/brown.htm
PAUL BROWN COMMENT TO ME ON THIS ISSUE
Tuesday, September 12, 2006 11:10 AM
"Actually, Terry, I have been critical of the USDA handling of the mad cow issue for some years, and with Linda Detwiler and others sent lengthy detailed critiques and recommendations to both the USDA and the Canadian Food Agency."
http://lists.ifas.ufl.edu/cgi-bin/wa.exe?A2=ind0703&L=sanet-mg&T=0&P=8125
Progress Report from the National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center
An Update from Stephen M. Sergay, MB, BCh & Pierluigi Gambetti, MD
April 3, 2008
The importance to public health in the U.S. of timely diagnosis and monitoring of human prion diseases is unquestionable. Here are some compelling reasons for this:
Prion surveillance in cattle has been reduced by 90% (from about 470,000 to 40,000 in the U.S. in 2007 out of about 35 million cattle slaughtered). Termination of human prion surveillance would therefore remove the second line of surveillance, thereby eliminating prion surveillance in the U.S. entirely. This development would be extremely worrisome in view of recent reports that precautions to limit the spread of the prion infectious agent may not have been followed in some slaughter houses in the U.S. Cattle affected with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) continue to be discovered in Canada, which has more rigorous BSE surveillance than the U.S. At the same time, Canada imposes few limitations in the trade of potentially prion-infectious cattle with the U.S.
Atypical forms of BSE have emerged which, although rare, appear to be more virulent than the classical BSE that causes vCJD.
http://www.aan.com/news/?event=read&article_id=4397&page=72.45.45
National Veterinary Services Laboratory (NVSL) Immunohistochemistry (IHC) Testing Summary
The BSE enhanced surveillance program involves the use of a rapid screening test, followed by confirmatory testing for any samples that come back \"inconclusive.\" The weekly summary below captures all rapid tests conducted as part of the enhanced surveillance effort. It should be noted that since the enhanced surveillance program began, USDA has also conducted approximately 9,200 routine IHC tests on samples that did not first undergo rapid testing. This was done to ensure that samples inappropriate for the rapid screen test were still tested, and also to monitor and improve upon IHC testing protocols. ...
http://www.aphis.usda.gov/lpa/issues/bse_testing/test_results.html
full text ;
http://usdavskorea.blogspot.com/2008/06/oie-recognition-of-bse-status-of.html
""These 9,200 cases were different because brain tissue samples were preserved with formalin, which makes them suitable for only one type of test--immunohistochemistry, or IHC."
THIS WAS DONE FOR A REASON!
THE IHC test has been proven to be the LEAST LIKELY to detect BSE/TSE in the bovine, and these were probably from the most high risk cattle pool, the ones the USDA et al, SHOULD have been testing. ...TSS
USDA 2003
We have to be careful that we don't get so set in the way we do things that we forget to look for different emerging variations of disease. We've gotten away from collecting the whole brain in our systems. We're using the brain stem and we're looking in only one area. In Norway, they were doing a project and looking at cases of Scrapie, and they found this where they did not find lesions or PRP in the area of the obex. They found it in the cerebellum and the cerebrum. It's a good lesson for us. Ames had to go back and change the procedure for looking at Scrapie samples. In the USDA, we had routinely looked at all the sections of the brain, and then we got away from it. They've recently gone back. Dr. Keller: Tissues are routinely tested, based on which tissue provides an 'official' test result as recognized by APHIS.
Dr. Detwiler: That's on the slaughter. But on the clinical cases, aren't they still asking for the brain? But even on the slaughter, they're looking only at the brainstem. We may be missing certain things if we confine ourselves to one area.
snip.............
Dr. Detwiler: It seems a good idea, but I'm not aware of it. Another important thing to get across to the public is that the negatives do not guarantee absence of infectivity. The animal could be early in the disease and the incubation period. Even sample collection is so important. If you're not collecting the right area of the brain in sheep, or if collecting lymphoreticular tissue, and you don't get a good biopsy, you could miss the area with the PRP in it and come up with a negative test. There's a new, unusual form of Scrapie that's been detected in Norway. We have to be careful that we don't get so set in the way we do things that we forget to look for different emerging variations of disease. We've gotten away from collecting the whole brain in our systems. We're using the brain stem and we're looking in only one area. In Norway, they were doing a project and looking at cases of Scrapie, and they found this where they did not find lesions or PRP in the area of the obex. They found it in the cerebellum and the cerebrum. It's a good lesson for us. Ames had to go back and change the procedure for looking at Scrapie samples. In the USDA, we had routinely looked at all the sections of the brain, and then we got away from it. They've recently gone back.
Dr. Keller: Tissues are routinely tested, based on which tissue provides an 'official' test result as recognized by APHIS .
Dr. Detwiler: That's on the slaughter. But on the clinical cases, aren't they still asking for the brain? But even on the slaughter, they're looking only at the brainstem. We may be missing certain things if we confine ourselves to one area.
snip...
FULL TEXT;
Completely Edited Version PRION ROUNDTABLE
Accomplished this day, Wednesday, December 11, 2003, Denver, Colorado
=============================
Owner and Corporation Plead Guilty to Defrauding Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Surveillance Program
An Arizona meat processing company and its owner pled guilty in February 2007 to charges of theft of Government funds, mail fraud, and wire fraud. The owner and his company defrauded the BSE Surveillance Program when they falsified BSE Surveillance Data Collection Forms and then submitted payment requests to USDA for the services. In addition to the targeted sample population (those cattle that were more than 30 months old or had other risk factors for BSE), the owner submitted to USDA, or caused to be submitted, BSE obex (brain stem) samples from healthy USDA-inspected cattle. As a result, the owner fraudulently received approximately $390,000. Sentencing is scheduled for May 2007.
snip...
4 USDA OIG SEMIANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS FY 2007 1st Half
http://www.usda.gov/oig/webdocs/sarc070619.pdf
full text ;
http://foiamadsheepmadrivervalley.blogspot.com/2008/09/re-foia-of-declaration-of-extraordinary.html
STANLEY PRUSINER NOBEL PEACE PRIZE WINNER ON THE PRION
US AG SEC AND LAYCRAFT
"nothing matters, except beef from Canada under 30 months bone in beef product, that's ALL THAT MATTERS!"
US SENATOR AND STAN THE MAN SLAM USDA "DAMNING TESTIMONY"
Senator Michael Machado from California
"USDA does not know what's going on". "USDA is protecting the industry". " SHOULD the state of California step in"
Stanley Prusiner
"nobody has ever ask us to comment"
"they don't want us to comment"
"they never ask"
i tried to see Venemon, after Canadian cow was discovered with BSE. went to see lyle. after talking with him.
absolute ignorance.
then thought i should see Venemon.
it was clear his entire policy was to get cattle boneless beef prods across the border.
nothing else mattered.
his aids confirmed this.
5 times i tried to see Venemon, never worked.
eventually met with carl rove the political.
he is the one that arranged meeting with Venemon.
just trying to give you a sense of the distance.
threat to health public safety.
was never contacted.
yes i believe that prions are bad to eat and you can die from them.END
Dr. Stan bashing Ann Veneman - 3 minutes - Damning testimony
http://maddeer.org/video/embedded/08snip.ram
File Name: USDA DON'T ASK DON'T TELL POLICY 02snip.rpm
DAMNING testimony of consumer consumption of Washington mad cow in California
http://www.maddeer.org/video/embedded/02snip.rm
IN A NUT SHELL ;
(Adopted by the International Committee of the OIE on 23 May 2006)
11. Information published by the OIE is derived from appropriate declarations made by the official Veterinary Services of Member Countries.The OIE is not responsible for inaccurate publication of country disease status based on inaccurate information or changes in epidemiological status or other significant events that were not promptly reported to then Central Bureau............
http://www.oie.int/eng/Session2007/RF2006.pdf
full text ;
http://madcowtesting.blogspot.com/2007/10/bse-base-mad-cow-testing-texas-usa-and.html
http://madcowtesting.blogspot.com/
Sunday, February 15, 2009
Scientists warn of first ever case of human mad cow disease from blood plasma
http://vcjdtransfusion.blogspot.com/2009/02/scientists-warn-of-first-ever-case-of.html
Sunday, February 15, 2009
Scientists warn of first ever case of human mad cow disease from blood plasma
http://vcjdtransfusion.blogspot.com/2009/02/scientists-warn-of-first-ever-case-of.html
Thursday, January 29, 2009
Medical Procedures and Risk for Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, Japan, 1999-2008 (WARNING TO Neurosurgeons and Ophthalmologists) Volume 15, Number 2-February 2009 Research
http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2009/01/medical-procedures-and-risk-for.html
Monday, December 08, 2008
vCJD & dental treatment
http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2008/12/vcjd-dental-treatment.html
Tuesday, August 12, 2008
Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories Fifth Edition 2007 (occupational exposure to prion diseases)
http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2008/08/biosafety-in-microbiological-and.html
Thursday, November 27, 2008
Prion diseases are efficiently transmitted by blood transfusion in sheep
http://vcjdblood.blogspot.com/2008/11/prion-diseases-are-efficiently.html
November 25, 2008
Update On Feed Enforcement Activities To Limit The Spread Of BSE
http://madcowfeed.blogspot.com/2008/11/november-2008-update-on-feed.html
OIE amending the Annex to Decision 2007/453/EC establishing the BSE status of Member States or third countries or regions thereof according to their BSE risk
http://docket-aphis-2006-0041.blogspot.com/2009/01/oie-amending-annex-to-decision.html
Friday, October 24, 2008
CBER 2007 Annual Report Assessing the Potential Risk of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease from Blood Products
http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2008/10/cber-2007-annual-report-assessing.html
Saturday, August 02, 2008
WARNING OVER SECOND WAVE OF CJD CASES
http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2008/08/warning-over-second-wave-of-cjd-cases.html
Thursday, April 17, 2008
Use of Materials Derived From Cattle in Human Food and Cosmetics [Docket No. 2004N-0081] RIN 0910-AF47 [Federal Register: April 17, 2008 (Volume 73, Number 75)] [Rules and Regulations] [Page 20785-20794] From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov] [DOCID:fr17ap08-7]
http://cjdmadcowbaseoct2007.blogspot.com/2008/04/use-of-materials-derived-from-cattle-in.html
Saturday, January 24, 2009
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy h-BSE ATYPICAL USA 2008 Annual Report Research Project: Study of Atypical Bse
Location: Virus and Prion Diseases of Livestock
2008 Annual Report
Thursday, December 04, 2008 2:37 PM
"we have found that H-BSE can infect humans."
personal communication with Professor Kong. ...TSS
Terry S. Singeltary Sr. P.O. Box 42 Bacliff, Texas USA 77518
http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2009/01/bovine-spongiform-encephalopathy-h-bse.html
NOR-98 ATYPICAL SCRAPIE 5 cases documented in USA in 5 different states USA 007
http://nor-98.blogspot.com/2008/04/seac-spongiform-encephalopathy-advisory.html
Tuesday, June 3, 2008 SCRAPIE USA UPDATE JUNE 2008 NOR-98 REPORTED PA
http://nor-98.blogspot.com/2008/06/scrapie-usa-update-june-2008-nor-98.html
http://nor-98.blogspot.com/
Monday, February 09, 2009
Exotic Meats USA Announces Urgent Statewide Recall of Elk Tenderloin Because It May Contain Meat Derived From An Elk Confirmed To Have CWD
http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2009/02/exotic-meats-usa-announces-urgent.html
Monday, December 1, 2008
When Atypical Scrapie cross species barriers
http://nor-98.blogspot.com/2008/12/when-atypical-scrapie-cross-species.html
Saturday, January 24, 2009
Research Project: Detection of TSE Agents in Livestock, Wildlife, Agricultural Products, and the Environment Location: 2008 Annual Report
http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2009/01/research-project-detection-of-tse.html
Terry S. Singeltary Sr. P.O. Box 42 Bacliff, Texas USA 77518
http://seac992007.blogspot.com/
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